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It has a paramagnetic spin that is sensed by all the protons around it, and that spin effect is very temperature-dependent. It's very sensitive because a small change in temperature causes a big change in the resonant frequencies of the neighboring protons. Another of the team's major initiatives is development of a standard breast phantom. ISPY-2 is a multi-center clinical trial testing new breast cancer therapies and is being conducted at more than 20 sites nationwide. The goal of this trial is to validate MRI measurements, rather than invasive biopsy, as a response to treatment.

It is essential that data be comparable across all sites. That calls for a phantom. And finally, to ensure compatibility with all breast MRI coils on the market. Industry and other clinical trials groups have already expressed interest in the breast phantom. We need to scale up production of the breast phantom to meet the needs of the community. As research and phantom development proceed, "we're bringing standards to an area that has operated without standards," says Goldfarb. Ordinary clinical MRI systems operate at 1. The Earth's magnetic flux density is about 50 microtesla. When a patient is in an MRI device, the powerful surrounding magnetic field causes a large population of protons in the hydrogen atoms of the body's water molecules to align themselves to the field.

A radio-frequency pulse is injected which "flips" the magnetic orientation of the protons, and is then turned off. The MRI equipment detects the times T1 and T2 that it takes different properties of the protons to realign themselves with the applied field. Fluorescence guidance using 5-aminolevulinic acid for brain tumor resection is a recent technique applied to the highly malignant brain tumors.

Our group has developed a fluorescence spectroscopy system which has shown improvement of fluorescence detection and quantification. Accordingly, an optical phantom is developed to enable controlled fluorescence measurements and quantification. The phantom mimics the highly malignant brain tumor at the fluorescence excitation wavelength when different concentrations of the fluorophore are included in the phantom. Fluorescence quantification in addition to the photobleaching properties are investigated in the phantom and are compared to the clinical data from brain tumor.

The development of a simplified epithelial tissue phantom for the evaluation of an autofluorescence mitigation algorithm Paper Author s : Show Abstract. The ultra-thin, flexible, multimodal scanning fiber endoscope SFE can improve esophageal cancer outcome through early fluorescence-based detection.

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An AF mitigation algorithm is needed to improve target-to-background TB ratios. Initial results demonstrate the potential for enhanced FITC-aided cancer detection. Session 2: Novel Phantom Design. As we entered a new era of digital Pathology, we designed a new calibration imaging slide Cancer Imaging Slide to calibrate and compare the characteristics and performances of microscopy systems and whole-slide scanners.


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This slide contains objects of known morphologic and photometric characteristics with different spatial patterns. We scanned four CI slides using an in-house imaging system and a commercial whole-slide scanner; After segmentation, few hundred features are measured, describing morphology of individual objects as well as their spatial distribution. We will describe the characteristics of the slide and present the preliminary results of multi level statistical analysis to study the performance of these systems.

3-D fingerprint phantoms improve fingerprint-matching technology

Construction of a digital and physical mouse model aimed at the study of electrical shock Paper Author s : Show Abstract. Optical methods have been used to investigate electrical injury on animal models such as live mice, rats, and rabbits. Here we introduce a completely digital phantom of a mouse, and its physical 3D reconstruction, with the aim of investigating electrical injury through spectroscopic imaging techniques.

The basis of our phantom is a three-dimensional digital mouse reconstructed from co-registered computed tomographic. Finite Element Analysis of thermal and electrical transport in the mouse body is also conducted. Finally a physical realization of the model is achieved with 3D printed molds of the mouse skin, and 4 internal organs. We develop a three-dimensional printing system for freeform fabrication of biomimetic matrix materials that simulate the structural and optical characteristics of biological tissue. The three-dimensional printing system is used to fabricated tissue simulating phantoms for the calibration and validation of biomedical optical imaging devices.

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Session 3: Spectral and Multimodal Phantoms. New polymer-based phantom for photoacoustic imaging Paper Author s : Show Abstract. We will report newly developed polymer-based phantom for photoacoustic imaging systems. Phantoms are important for performance evaluation and calibration of new modalities; however, there is no established method for making phantoms with no long-term change. We have developed skin mimicking phantoms simulating both optical and acoustic properties i. Furthermore, the phantoms are able to give accurate simulation of blood vessels by Inkjet-printing.

Newly developed phantoms are consisted of castor oil included acrylic block copolymer and we can fabricate 0. Tissue phantoms for multimodal approaches: Raman spectroscopy and optoacoustics Paper Author s : Show Abstract. Tissue phantoms with defined reliable and reproducible characteristics are important for the evaluation of biomedical spectroscopic and imaging systems.

For multimodal approaches, various demands on tissue phantoms have to be met in order to satisfy the needs of all modalities. We present and discuss a hydrogel phantom created for combined Raman spectroscopic and optoacoustic measurements imposing optical as well as acoustic requirements on the phantom.

Carotenoids were embedded as an interesting target molecule for resonance Raman spectroscopy in vivo showing that reproducing optical properties of biomolecules in phantoms may be challenging as they rely heavily on molecular environment. On mimicking diffuse reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared ranges for tissue-like phantom design Paper Author s : Show Abstract.

We present a novel methodology to mimic diffuse reflectance spectra of arbitrary biological tissues. Using a sterile disposable fiber optic probe the diffuse reflectance spectrum of a tissue is measured target spectrum. The algorithm can be extended from single point contact spectral measurement to contactless multi- and hyperspectral camera acquisition.

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Photon path depth in tissue phantoms: a comparison of visible and near-infrared NIR wavelengths Paper Author s : Show Abstract. The number of streamlines that connect each hemisphere of the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyrus ROIs were extracted from each connectivity matrix, and values from the three regions of the inferior frontal gyrus were summed see Figure 3. Therefore, more accurate reconstruction methods should estimate greater proportions of streamlines in the medial and inferior regions of the frontal cortex, whereas less successful reconstructions will show a greater bias toward the superior, u-shaped fibers.

Figure 3. Human Fiber Crossing Analysis. B A single subject was used to illustrate the topography of corpus callosum fibers connecting the left and right superior, medial, and inferior frontal gyri, respectively. Single-subject data were reconstructed using diffusion spectrum imaging and deterministic Euler fiber tracking was conducted in native space. One lakhs tracts were generated connecting the right and left hemispheres of the superior, medial, and inferior frontal gyri, respectively, using random whole brain seeding at subvoxel positions and in random orientations.

C In order to clearly illustrate the topography of each group of corpus callosum fibers, fibers connecting left and right superior, medial, and inferior frontal gyri are visualized separately. Where significant group differences were found, follow-up analyses were conducted to determine which pairwise comparisons were significant. Fiber tracking with the DTI reconstruction was unable to detect any streamlines passing through the long leg of the phantom that navigated both crossings.

Means and standard deviations for number of streamlines detected with each of the other reconstruction methods are: ball-and-sticks 0.

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The distribution of streamline length estimates demonstrates that the ball-and-sticks model 0. The GQI and GQI with deconvolution reconstructions produce fewer streamlines, but their length measurements are longer and had less variability. Figure 4. Phantom Fiber Length Results. A Example fiber tracking and the mean number of streamlines are represented for each reconstruction method in the Fibercup phantom. Fiber tracking with the DTI reconstruction was unable to detect any streamlines that navigated both crossings.