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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer (representing approximately 90 percent of all cases). It is typically diagnosed when people are heading into their golden years – a time when they should be looking forward to slowing down and enjoying all that life has to offer.
Table of contents
- Related Stories
- Immune outposts inside kidney tumors predict post-surgery outcomes
- Kidney Cancer Patient Stories
- Active surveillance
- Immune outposts inside kidney tumors predict post-surgery outcomes -- ScienceDaily
A kidney transplant may be done when the disease is in the kidney only and a donated kidney can be found. If the patient has to wait for a donated kidney, other treatment is given as needed. When surgery to remove the cancer is not possible, a treatment called arterial embolization may be used to shrink the tumor.
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A small incision is made and a catheter thin tube is inserted into the main blood vessel that flows to the kidney. Small pieces of a special gelatin sponge are injected through the catheter into the blood vessel. The sponges block the blood flow to the kidney and prevent the cancer cells from getting oxygen and other substances they need to grow. Even if the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the time of the surgery, some patients may be given chemotherapy or radiation therapy after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left.
Treatment given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called adjuvant therapy. Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. There are two types of radiation therapy.
External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer. Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer. The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.
Immune outposts inside kidney tumors predict post-surgery outcomes
Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body systemic chemotherapy.
When chemotherapy is placed directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, an organ, or a body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas regional chemotherapy. The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.
Biologic therapy is a treatment that uses the patient's immune system to fight cancer. Substances made by the body or made in a laboratory are used to boost, direct, or restore the body's natural defenses against cancer. This type of cancer treatment is also called biotherapy or immunotherapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells. Targeted therapy with antiangiogenic agents are used to treat advanced renal cell cancer.
Antiangiogenic agents keep blood vessels from forming in a tumor, causing the tumor to starve and stop growing or to shrink. Monoclonal antibodies and kinase inhibitors are two types of antiangiogenic agents used to treat renal cell cancer. Monoclonal antibody therapy uses antibodies made in the laboratory, from a single type of immune system cell. These antibodies can identify substances on cancer cells or normal substances that may help cancer cells grow. The antibodies attach to the substances and kill the cancer cells, block their growth, or keep them from spreading. Monoclonal antibodies are given by infusion.
They may be used alone or to carry drugs, toxins, or radioactive material directly to cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies used to treat renal cell cancer attach to and block substances that cause new blood vessels to form in tumors. Kinase inhibitors stop cells from dividing and may prevent the growth of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow. For some patients, taking part in a clinical trial may be the best treatment choice. Clinical trials are part of the cancer research process.
Clinical trials are done to find out if new cancer treatments are safe and effective or better than the standard treatment. Many of today's standard treatments for cancer are based on earlier clinical trials. Patients who take part in a clinical trial may receive the standard treatment or be among the first to receive a new treatment. Patients who take part in clinical trials also help improve the way cancer will be treated in the future. Even when clinical trials do not lead to effective new treatments, they often answer important questions and help move research forward.
Kidney Cancer Patient Stories
Some clinical trials only include patients who have not yet received treatment. Other trials test treatments for patients whose cancer has not gotten better. There are also clinical trials that test new ways to stop cancer from recurring coming back or reduce the side effects of cancer treatment. Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. See the Treatment Options section that follows for links to current treatment clinical trials.
These have been retrieved from NCI's listing of clinical trials. Some of the tests that were done to diagnose the cancer or to find out the stage of the cancer may be repeated. Some tests will be repeated in order to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests. This is sometimes called re-staging. Some of the tests will continue to be done from time to time after treatment has ended.
The results of these tests can show if your condition has changed or if the cancer has recurred come back. These tests are sometimes called follow-up tests or check-ups. A link to a list of current clinical trials is included for each treatment section. For some types or stages of cancer, there may not be any trials listed.
Check with your doctor for clinical trials that are not listed here but may be right for you.
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- How we work with N.I.C.E.
- Different Types of Cancer.
Check for U. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site. For more information from the National Cancer Institute about renal cell cancer, see the following:.
Active surveillance
For general cancer information and other resources from the National Cancer Institute, see the following:. Metastatic Breast Cancer. Neuroendocrine Cancer. Psychosocial Issues. Side Effect Management. About Us. All rights reserved. All Rights Reserved. CURE does not provide medical, diagnostic, or treatment advice.
Penile Cancer: Hitting Close to Home. Currently Viewing. Polishing the Gold Standard in Prostate Cancer. A One-Two Punch in Kidney Cancer Drug duos that hit kidney cancer with immunotherapy and targeted treatment offer a better alternative to single agents. When it comes to treating advanced kidney cancer, more may be better. Since the April approval of two immunotherapies given together for patients with advanced disease, additional combination strategies have emerged, further transforming treatment options. Primarily, these involve combining immunotherapies known as checkpoint inhibitors with targeted drugs — agents that affect cell functions such as growth, invasion and cell death that are relevant to their malignant behavior.
Although surgery is always required for curative treatment, it is often not enough to achieve cure in many cases. In most patients with more advanced cases of gastric cancer, such as those with positive lymph nodes or tumors which have invaded the deep layers of the stomach or beyond, the cancer will come back if only surgery is done.
To combat this, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are recommended for many patients. It does this by damaging the DNA in tumor cells. Normal cells in our body can repair radiation damage much quicker than tumor cells, so while tumor cells are killed by radiation, many normal cells are not. This is the basis for the use of radiation therapy in cancer treatment. Radiation is delivered using large machines that produce the high energy x-rays. After radiation oncologists set up the radiation fields "radiation fields" are the areas of the body that will be treated by radiation , treatment is begun.
Radiation is given 5 days a week for approximately 5 weeks at a radiation treatment center.
The treatment takes just a few minutes each day and is painless. The typical radiation field used in the treatment of gastric cancer includes portions of the upper abdomen. In other words, it is designed to kill tumor cells in the area that the surgery was performed. Typical side effects include nausea and vomiting though this should be less of a problem since the stomach has already been removed and diarrhea.
Immune outposts inside kidney tumors predict post-surgery outcomes -- ScienceDaily
The large advantage in using chemotherapy is that it travels through the entire body. Hence, if some tumor cells have spread outside of what surgery or radiation can treat, they can potentially be killed by chemotherapy. Similar to radiation, some normal cells are damaged during treatment, resulting in side effects. This type of chemotherapy is delivered through the vein. Sometimes chemotherapy and radiation are used prior to surgery or after surgery or before AND after surgery or in combination with radiation.
In some cases chemotherapy does not work well in treating gastric cancer. Targeted therapies can be used to treat gastric cancers that have specific targets on their cells. For example, trastuzumab can be used to treat gastric cancer cells that have a HER2 positive protein on them. Ramucirumab is used to stop new blood vessels from being created that feed the tumor. VEGF is a protein that tells the body to make new blood vessels.