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Define instead (adverb) and get synonyms. What is instead (adverb)? instead (adverb) meaning, pronunciation and more by Macmillan Dictionary.
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At least a little. This is the first rule from Effective Java :. Consider static factory methods instead of constructors. The first rule of Effective Java claimed that developers should more often consider usage of static factory method instead of constructors. Static factory method is a static method used to produce an instance of an object. Here are some Java examples of static factory method usage:. Static factory methods are a really powerful alternative to constructors. Here are some of their advantages:.

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These are really strong arguments that stand behind static factory method use, but Joshua Bloch pointed out also some disadvantages:. Intuitive conclusion, after this arguments, is that functions used to construct an object which are strongly connected to object structure or construction should be specified as an constructor. On the other hand, when construction is not so directly connected with object structure, then it most likely should be defined using static method.

When I was learning Kotlin, I had a feeling that somebody was designing it while having Effective Java book in front of his eyes. It answers most of Java problems described in the book.

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Kotlin also changed how factory methods are implemented. Kotlin does not allow static methods. Analogue of Java static factory method is commonly called companion factory method. It is factory method placed in companion object:. Usage is the same as usage of static factory method:.

Under the hood companion object is actually singleton class. There is a big advantage that comes from this fact: Companion object can extend other classes. This way we can implement multiple general factory methods and provide them with different classes. My common example is Provider class which I am using as a lighter alternative to DI. I have the following class:. For different elements, I only need to specify creation function:.

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With such definitions, I can get this repository by UserReposiroty. I can also specify different implementation for testing or mocking purposes by UserRepository. This is a big advantage over Java, where all SFM static factory methods had to be implemented manually in every object. Another, still undervalued, way to reuse factory methods is by using interface delegation. We could use it in above example this way:. Usage is the same, but note that using interface delegation we can get factory methods from different classes in a single companion object, and we are getting only functionalities specified in the interface what is good according to Interface segregation principle.

More about interface delegation here. Note another advantage from the fact that factory methods are placed inside companion object instead of being defined as static methods: We can define extension functions for companion objects. Therefore if we want to add companion factory method to Kotlin class defined in an external library, we can still do it as long as it defines any companion object :.


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Or, when companion object is named:. This is powerful possibility that let us share external libraries usage from inside our code.

It is common in Kotlin that instead of CFM companion object factory method we define a top-level function. Some common examples are listOf , setOf and mapOf.

Similarly, libraries designers are specifying top-level functions used to create objects. They are used really widely. For example, in Android we were traditionally defining a function to create Activity Intent as static method:. In Kotlin Anko library, we can use top-level function intentFor with reified type instead:.

The problem with such solution is that while public top-level functions are available everywhere, it is really easy to litter user IDE tips.