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Jeff Fahey and Marlee Matlin star in this riveting thriller where law and order is a double-edged sword. Detective Frank Chaney is obsessed with solving a series  Missing: Trailing.
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The firm has a great contribution to local development. Citizens blamed the firms for damaging the natural environment. Their health and livelihood suffer. The firms argued that they followed regulations, and that it is not clear who are the causes of pollution. Citizens complained for the negative effects on their health and fishing livelihood. The firm believed this was unfair competition rather than environmental issues. Research institute helped assess the impact area Citizens complained and hostilely protested against the firm Local government acted in with violation evidence.

The firm updated technology. Learning point 1: The state-based administrative management system, on its own, cannot control environmental pollution.

TOUGH JUSTICE : Dear Mr President, roll the years back to , not – 2 - The Citizen

The government uses a combination of spatial planning and administrative licensing to manage the emission of pollution, i. This approach is only partially effective in controlling pollution for several reasons. Firstly, the government lacks sufficient resources, knowledge and skills required to effectively monitor and enforce standards. Most provinces have approximately 15 environmental police officers and about the same number of environmental inspectorate officials Ortmann As provinces have about 20, to 30, firms, each environmental police officer is required to monitor 1, to 2, firms.

Secondly, trust in local government varies greatly among localities. Citizens that were interviewed in the five case studies, for example, concluded that the governments did not always rigorously enforce environmental standards or act independently from polluting firms. What is missing in Vietnam is citizen engagement in environmental management. Effective citizen participation requires organization and support from non-state and professional organizations.

In the cases studied, citizens lacked access to independent and technically competent expertise. Media, social network, and business codes of conduct also played a peripheral role. They believed that polluters disproportionately benefited from natural resources, while citizens disproportionately endured the burden of environmental harm. Citizens rarely perceived the harm caused by environmental pollution as infringements upon legal rights to persons and property.


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Although the case studies considered damage to rural communities, it is possible that urban citizens, who were not considered in this study, might deploy rights-based understandings of environmental harm. Learning point 3: Citizens take direct action when state-based dispute resolution fails The case studies show that when state-based methods of dispute settlement fail, citizens turn to high-risk protesting tactics. For example, citizens use collective protests and direct action, such as blocking access to polluting industries as negotiating tactics.

A key reason for direct action is that citizens lack the support services needed for deliberative approaches to dispute resolution, such as fair discussions with involved actors and access to legal and technical assistance. The other reason is that direct action is often more successful in attracting responses from local governments than the use of state-based institutions like the mainstream media or courts. In the selected case studies, local government officials acted as mediators, but citizens lacked access to organizations e.

The need for neutral actors, with experience in resolving environmental disputes, is especially pertinent where citizens do not trust local governments to act neutrally. Before discussing policy implications and the way forward, we caution readers on the limitation of the study. The information and analysis have not adequately addressed the roles of media and social network in the environmental movement.

Future research should address this issue to shed light on relevant policy and legal reforms. Policy implications and the way forward As Leaning Point 1 shows, Vietnam relies primarily on top-down command and control regulation, and underutilizes the regulatory potential of public participation in environmental governance. This regulatory approach relies primarily on the state especially local governments to promote distributive justice and determine who should benefit most from the environment. International experience suggests three ways to strengthen environmental regulation in Vietnam.

Firstly, it is possible to rectify procedural problems with top-down regulation. Secondly, it is possible to minimize the risk of environmental disputes by encouraging bottom-up citizen regulation and increasing regulatory pluralism. Thirdly, neutral and impartial mediation has the potential to resolve many environmental disputes. Rectifying problems with top-down regulation Much of the regulatory burden for approving and monitoring environmental impacts in Vietnam falls on central bodies that lack sufficient resources to rigorously verify claims made in license applications Article 23 of the LEP , and ensure that local authorities monitor and enforce environmental impact assessments EIAs and environmental impact statements EISs Ortmann , Chapter 3.

Article 26 makes project owners responsible for compliance with EIAs, while Article 28 makes local authorities responsible for ensuring that pollution abatement has been completed. But surprisingly, there are no concrete provisions requiring monitoring after EIAs have been granted.

Article only requires on-going monitoring for firms designated at risk of harming the environment. International experience shows strong monitoring and enforcement from both state and non-state actors are required to give the law authority. Low levels of compliance and weak enforcement are mutually reinforcing, creating a chain reaction with potential to undermine the LEP. The Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters [4] provides the best practice model regarding public access to environmental information.

The China Pollution Map project also provides a possible model of citizen monitoring. The Indonesian Environmental Protection and Management Law avoids this problem by requiring the approval of EIAs before business licenses are issued.

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In addition, the LEP should be amended to provide a less technically complex processes governing the issue of EIAs for small and medium sized enterprises Ortmann Encouraging bottom-up citizen regulation Learning Point 4 shows that citizens in Vietnam have few opportunities to participate in state-based environmental regulation.

A key consideration in encouraging public participation in state environmental regulation is whether citizens can detect and respond to environmental harm. Citizens, for example, can play a vital role in identifying environmental harm because they often have daily information concerning on-the-ground pollution. Justice, like honor, is a virtue that must be modeled. I always assumed that truth and justice would prevail, that is until I personally experienced the lack of it myself. Robert Evans Wilson, Jr. I am 34 years old and I recently learned that for my entire life I have been in government and spiritual gangstalking programs which my freemasonic, roman catholic family put me in since I was conceived in my mother's womb, during her 9 month pregnancy with me, the day I was born and all throughout my entire life.

I was and I still am a targeted individual a T. I and I am also an empowered individual a E. I have been hated, rejected, ostracized, abused, persecuted, prosecuted by the world and the world has treated me with disrespect, scorn, contempt, disdain, disgust, humiliation, etc The world hates me because the world hated Him first. I am in this world, but, I am not of this world. I come from the kingdom of Heaven where God is. If I came from the world if I belonged to the world then the world would love me as it's own, but, because I don't belong to the world, I belong to Heaven, Jesus chose me out of this world to be His child, His daughter.

I am a light of the world through Jesus Christ, so I have suffered pain and abuse in this world because I am blessed by God. The abuse, etc I think I might have either Rh negative blood type or the golden blood type which is Rhnull blood type. I am an evolved soul. I am spiritually gangstalked and I also am gangstalked by the government too. There will be justice for me 1 day because God will avenge me, will avenge my soul by punishing those who hurt and harmed me.

I became a born again christian in I have to post this issue here as I cannot garner media and am using the same request to save time. I am sorry if it is against any protocol, but I do not care. I care about addressing this in one way or another. I am writing to appeal to you. I am a retired trauma nurse of many years. I come from a small town in Vermont. I am also an activist around the issue of ECT or electroshock that has greatly increased in use in many hospitals you may not even be aware of.

The Citizen

There is no FDA testing of the device, nor of the procedure that involves up to volts and greater through the brain. There are blog articles and videos on ectjustice that talk about the damages from this procedure and the lawsuits taking place around this.


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There are billions involved annually in the US alone. The monies involved are as noteworthy as the cover ups surrounding this. Major medical institutions at risk as are many reputations of providers. Doctors are fully culpable of inflicting NFL type head injuries in patients for decades, and passing it off as beneficial. It is also being used on our veterans, children, and women during pregnancy. Patients are killing themselves because damages are being denied to protect doctors and hospitals. The California courts have proved traumatic brain injuries with every procedure and has now become a national product liability suit.

We have six firms interviewing patients for potential medical malpractice around this. There are two suits pending against the FDA. The devices that brought suit are still being used and patients are still not being warned.

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Doctors are failing criminally in their duty to warn, protect, and not cause harm. We cannot afford to brush this under the carpet as more are harmed daily. Myself and my peers on survey would appreciate any media attention you can bring to our suffering and prevent harm to many others. Below is a letter a peer wrote to another journalist and a link to an article discussing the suit. They derailed trains.