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One way to measure the Army's contributions to OIF (it has been referred to as Operation New Dawn [OND] since September ) in Iraq and OEF in Afghanistan is by the total number of troop-years deployed. A troop-year is a metric used to measure cumulative deployment length.
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He now lives in Oregon and is working for the state Department of Environmental Quality. The VA has stonewalled for years citing a lack of any clinical trials confirming the widespread claim of benefit 3. Arizona psychiatrist Sue Sisley, MD, finally got federal approval to conduct such a trial after many years of trying.


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Participants must be U. The original criteria for participants included combat experience but that was waived when recruitment proved difficult. The trial was completed in February of this year. The results have yet to be published and revealing them in advance would get their paper spiked. Mahmoud ElSohly of the University of Mississippi. You have a very limited menu there, and they come in these ziplock bags. Normally, when you do clinical trials — and for years I did trials for Big Pharma — you get a complete drug master file that would give you all the details about the drug: its properties, how it was manufactured, et cetera.

Even though the DEA takes millions of dollars of taxpayer money, they provide zero transparency.

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The only other federal agency who has access to the file is the FDA, and they refuse to share that with the public, which is already an abomination in my opinion. It should be challenged. Sisley and was disappointed to learn that the vets in her study had not been asked about their attitude towards the mission itself. If you feel the mission was truly to protect America people, then the impact of horrific personal memories might be tempered somewhat by a sense of having done some good. A source at the U. The deployment model emphasizes joint operations and brings more air assets, cyber capabilities and logistical support to paratroopers, according to a primer for the new model viewed by Army Times.

The new plan replaces the Global Response Force model that the division previously utilized, but appears to more heavily emphasize joint forcible entry operations and airborne assaults into denied environments, like that which Iran can produce through air defense systems and cyberattacks. Kyle Rempfer is a staff reporter for Military Times. He previously served an enlistment in U. Air Force Special Tactics.

Kyle's reporting focuses on the Department of the Army.

US troops' gradual dropdown

They sought permission from senior commanders to allow soldiers to shed their heavy gear; they were refused. There was talk in the ranks that training should be halted. Radios crackled with the news of soldiers falling to the heat, according to the state police report. Up to six required hospitalization that day, according to accounts given to state police and Army investigators. Sometime after noon, Cline left his position and briefly sought shelter in a nearby shaded area. The temperature had hit 92 degrees and the heat index registered But the training went on, and Cline pushed through the afternoon heat.

U.S. Soldiers Falling Ill, Dying in the Heat as Climate Warms

Breaks were only occasional. He returned to his position.

Less than two hours later, about the time medics were warning field commanders that soldiers were not being given enough rest, the heat finally took its toll. Cline was exhausted. His head throbbed, his back was seized by spasms and his extremities went numb, with his legs cramping so badly he needed assistance walking, multiple witness told state police investigators.

This time, Cline needed more than shade. He needed medical help. On wobbly legs and leaning on a fellow soldier, Cline made his way toward medics and the nearby ambulance. A medic who treated Cline told state police investigators he had never seen a heat victim decline so rapidly. The medic likened it to "falling off a cliff. The documents obtained by InsideClimate News describe leadership failures from dawn, with the inadequate daily risk assessment, to the end of the day, when commanders had failed to allow soldiers enough rest to comply with the Army's "black flag" regulations.


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    • The Army condemned the field commander, Lt. Gib Richardson, and the highest ranking noncommissioned officer in charge that day, command Sgt. Charles Franks. Richardson lost his command but remains in the National Guard as a warrant officer at the Arkansas National Guard Armory.

    Franks said he was given the choice between retiring from the National Guard or facing disciplinary action, and he chose to retire. The two leaders "failed to adequately address known hazards associated with the predicted hot weather environment prior to training commencing," the page findings and recommendations report issued by the Army a month after Cline's death said.

    Richardson and Franks also "failed to execute adequate heat illness prevention procedures while conducting training," the report found. That poor judgment "rose to the level of negligence in their duty to protect soldiers from the adverse effects of heat," the report said. Staff Sgt. Samuel Kell was a platoon leader for the training exercise. He pulled Cline out of action several times to cool off and to hydrate, and he expressed his concerns about the heat to his higher-ups. When contacted for comment, Kell said he had been ordered not to talk about Cline's death.

    Richardson denied making that statement. The state police investigation was turned over to a local prosecutor, who determined no criminal charges were warranted.

    Measuring Army Deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan

    Franks said he was a "fall guy" for the military scrambling to account for Cline's death. He said there was nothing out of the ordinary that day, including the blistering heat that is common for June at Fort Chaffee. It was hot and muggy," he told InsideClimate News. Marines loaded with gear practice bridge construction at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, on a July day in when temperatures neared degrees.

    Credit: Lance Cpl. Marine Corps. In his defense, Franks wrote a rebuttal to the Army's finding of negligence. He said he strictly adhered to the Army's guidelines for resting soldiers and reassessed conditions for safety throughout the day. He said he was never alerted to any life-threatening concerns. Richardson wrote a rebuttal as well, saying he took proactive measures to safeguard soldiers, including assigning six medics and two ambulances to the range when only one medic and ambulance were required. He also directed safety officers be stationed at each site where soldiers were positioned with machine guns and appointed the battalion's safety officer as second in command to ensure soldiers were safe.

    The military has projects underway to better monitor troops' health in the heat. A soldier at Fort Benning participates in a mile march while wearing sensors to measure his core temperature and heart rate. Richardson wrote that many statements made to investigators were "patently untrue" and were refuted by other witnesses. He said he was absolved of the negligence allegation because no mention of it was made in the brief memorandum relieving him of command.

    We train for combat. That weighs heavy on me. Cline will be in my mind forever," he said. The disregard for safety on the day Cline died prompted one insider to send an anonymous letter to Cline's mother several weeks later. The author, who appears to have military knowledge and had been close to the training exercise, suggested commanders were more concerned with a successful training exercise than with the welfare of those under their command.

    What Is a Army Deployment Like?

    Kristopher Fields, who served as a medic on the day Cline died. Fields said he had been ordered by his National Guard superiors and base public affairs officials not to talk to InsideClimate News about Cline's death. He said in a brief conversation that conditions that day were not unusual.

    About 60 percent of the Southeast's major cities are already experiencing worsening heat waves — a higher percentage than in any other region in the country — according to the National Climate Assessment. During the most recent 10 years, a verage summer temperatures were the hottest on record. If greenhouse gas emissions continue on the current path, global average temperatures could rise 8. The resulting extreme heat could lead to tens of thousands of premature deaths every year across the United States. Army medical researchers found heat illnesses were already responsible for more than 20, lost or limited-duty days in , the first time the data was collected.

    Keep Environmental Journalism Alive

    The costs include medical care, the lost investment in training if ill service members cannot return to their duties, the cost to retrain them and any ongoing expenses for rehabilitation and disability. A Defense Health Agency study found that while 90 percent of all recruits finish basic training, only 66 percent of those who suffer a heat illness do so. On the day in June when Cline died in Arkansas, it was in Baghdad.

    Training in hot environments poses two competing demands: the necessity of conducting realistic exercises and the need to protect personnel against heat-related illness. Many U. To them, a few degrees seem insignificant when compared with the rigors of combat. This temperament can raise the risk of heat illness at home and abroad, according to interviews with dozens of current and former military personnel. Augusto Giacoman, a former Army captain who trained at Fort Bragg's airborne school and later managed the training of platoons of up to 45 soldiers, said the Army's "black flag" heat warnings aren't always reasonable when training combat forces.

    To be prepared, you have to go beyond the charts; you have to be aware of that, but training and being prepared has to come first. Yet training commanders also remain vigilant — demanding waters breaks and checking for signs of heat exhaustion, Giacoman said. Joy Craig, a retired Marine Corps warrant officer and drill instructor, said service members often don't want to acknowledge their vulnerability to heat.

    And when they do, she said, it's taken as a sign of weakness.