Guide Liberty Ship Trip: Steaming West to the Far East

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For if it were not for our glorious Merchant Marine, we might not even be a country at all. National Maritime Day is the day we honor our American merchant mariners for protecting our freedom and for their dedication to promoting American commerce together with the accomplishments of the U.

Most importantly, on National Maritime Day we especially honor those gallant mariners who served during times of war and those mariners who have made the ultimate sacrifice for our nation. We celebrate National Maritime Day each year on May 22, as this was the day in in which SS Savannah sailed on the first transoceanic voyage under steam power.

It is notable because it was the first crossing of any ocean with steam propulsion, in its case via a side paddlewheel. Savannah completed its crossing some 19 years before SS Great Western, the first purpose-built steam ship to make the voyage. This is not a minor fact in the the context of history; the Savannah crossing was only a few short years from the War of , when the British had been impressing our merchant mariners. For the United States, a country less than 50 years old, to outdo the greatest maritime nation, England, by achieving a maritime first was quite an accomplishment for our young maritime industry and the U.

Merchant Marine. Each year on National Maritime Day, the president makes a proclamation and there are numerous celebrations throughout the country. Interestingly, the first U. Navy was our American Merchant Marine, and they were called "privateers. Along these same lines, it may be interesting to know that the two men who share the moniker of "Father of American Navy" were both merchant mariners. John Paul Jones and John Barry were both merchant mariners before they were naval officers.

Jones was first a merchant mariner and was master and commander of the British brig John prior to immigrating to the colonial United States and joining the then-fledgling Continental Navy. Barry immigrated to the U. Of course, their naval careers are well documented, but it is important to note they were merchant mariners first. As anyone who serves in the Navy from admiral to seaman is a sailor, similarly anyone who serves in our Merchant Marine, from master to ordinary seaman, is a mariner.

Alfred T.

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Mahan, the author of "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History," a book that has shaped much of our naval strategy, states clearly that a true sea power must have a vibrant merchant marine. Throughout history, world leaders and generals on both sides of any conflict have known that supplying the fighters was critical to success. We now call this logistics.

Memories of a Career at Sea

This was never more demonstrated than during the Second World War, whereas our Merchant Marine brought "the fire to the fight. When final victory is ours there is no organization that will share its credit more deservedly than the Merchant Marine. Merchant Marine in the winning of the war. Just as MacArthur had done so, Eisenhower put the Merchant Marine on equal footing with all other services.

Moreover, in referring to the Second World War, one must also recall the great sacrifices of our Merchant Marine. In pure numbers, the U. That is a greater percentage than the U.

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Think about it — , mariners served, 1, ships were sunk, 9, mariners were killed, and mariners were held as POWs. With this in mind, I would like to relay to you a very personal story about one of those gallant World War II Merchant Mariner veterans. It was , and my father was a third assistant engineer on a Liberty ship, which had departed from San Francisco bound for the Far East loaded with munitions.

His ship was part of a ship convoy and unfortunately, for him, his vessel was assigned the dubious position in the convoy at one of the ends, known in the parlance of the mariners of as "coffin corner. Normally the convoys would be assigned U. Navy escort ships, usually small frigates, or "tin can" destroyers as they were known.

'Damn the submarine! We're the men of the Merchant Marine!'

These escorts would patrol forward of the convoy and then steam up and down the sides of the convoy. Realize that the Liberty ships' speed with their submarine nets down was approximately 5 to 7 knots, thus making very easy targets for the Japanese navy.


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One early morning just past midnight, my father had just finished his watch and went up on deck to have a cigarette. All of sudden the ship was hit by two torpedoes and he was thrown overboard into the Pacific Ocean. His ship went down fast, as the torpedoes scored a direct hit in the engine room with the boilers exploding. My father grabbed some floating debris and held on for his life, kicking and paddling away from the area where the ship went down as not to be sucked down by the sinking vessel.

The crew was comprised of 55 men, but only half made it into the water. The engineer who had just relieved my father not some 30 minutes prior had perished instantly. Next, in the dark with the bunker oil burning on the surface, the survivors huddled together.


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They had hoped the radio officer had sent out the distress call so a U. Navy escort ship would pick them up. Within another 30 minutes, they began to see a silhouette of a vessel coming at them at low speed.

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At first my father was overjoyed as they were to be rescued, but that soon turned to dread as it was the Japanese submarine that had just blown their ship from under them. One by one, with a machine gun pointed at them, they were plucked out of the water. The Japanese lined up my father and his fellow mariners on the after deck of the submarine.

There they stood for what seemed like hours until dawn.

Next, my father told me, a Japanese lieutenant approached the first mariner in the line. My father said he would never forget that the Japanese officer spoke perfect American-style English with no accent. The officer started questioning the mariners. He asked the first mariner, what was the cargo?

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The mariner answered with his name, his position and his Z-card number. My father said the Japanese officer was getting angry and asked again, this time about where was the convoy heading. Charming cities, mesmerizing mountains and lucid lakes await in Canada. Canada is the land of glacial-fed lakes, incredible coastlines, French-speaking cities and friendly locals.

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