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To serve the society, I lent them the furniture which had belonged to Sir James Thornhill's academy and as I attributed the failure of that and Mr. Vanderbank's to the leading members assuming a su- periority which their fellow-students could not brook, I pro- posed that every member should contribute an equal sum to the establishment, and have an equal right to vote in every question relative to the society. I considered it as a ridiculous imi- tation of the foolish parade of the French Academy, by the establishment of which Louis XIV.

But I could never learn that the arts were benefited, or that members acquired any other advantages than what arose to a few leaders from their paltry salaries, not more I am told than fifty pounds a yearj which, as must always be the case, were engrossed. Not approving of this plan, I opposed it; and having re- fused to assign to the society the property which I had be- fore lent them, I am accused of acrimony, ill nature, and spleen, and held forth as an enemy to the arts and artists. The business rests in the breast of Majesty, and the simple question now is, whether he will do, what Sir James Thornhill did before him, i.

As his Majesty's beneficence to the arts will unquestionably induce him to do that which he thinks most likely to promote them, would it not be more useful, if he were to furnish his own gallery with one pic- ture by each of the most eminent painters among his own subjects? The world is already glutted with these commodi- ties, which do not perish fast enough to want such a supply. In answer to this, and other objections which I have sometimes made to those who display so much zeal for in- creasing learners, and crowding the profession, I am asked, if I consider what the arts were in Greece?

That we may not be led away by sounds without meaning, let us take a cursory view of these things separately, and in the same order that they occurred. The height to which the arts were carried in Greece, was owing to a variety of causes, concerning some of which we can now only form conjectures.

They made a part of their system of government, and were connected with their modes of worship. Their temples were crowded with deities of their own manufacture, and in places of public resort were depicted such actions of their fellow-citizens, as deserved commemoration, which being displayed in a language legi- ble to all, incited the spectator to emulate the virtues they represented. With air this, even there, the arts had but a slow rise; and when they had attained their highest state of perfection, the Romans having previously plundered and butchered their own neighbours attacked and conquered the Greeks, and robbed them also of their portable treasures, parti- cularly their statues and pictures.

The admirable specimens that, during the perturbed period above alluded to, had been hidden in the earth, were now restored to light, eagerly sought for, and in some cases appropriated to purposes diametrically opposite to their pagan origin. Even those that were mu- tilated, were held in the most enthusiastic admiration. The Torso, and many other inimitable specimens, prove that their admiration was just. The contemplation of such works would naturally produce imitators, who in time rivalled, but never could equal, their originals. The arts are much indebted to Popery, and that religion owes much of its universality to the arts.

France, ever aping the magnificence of other nations, has in its turn assumed a foppish kind of splendour sufficient to dazzle the eyes of the neighbouring states, and draw vast sums of money from this country. If I may be permitted to compare great things with small, this nation labours under similar disadvantage to the playhouse in Goodman's Fields, which, though it might in- jure, could never rival, the two established theatres, so much more properly situated, in any degree material to itself.

In Holland, selfishness is the ruling passion in England, vanity is united with it. Upon the whole, it must be acknowledged that the artists and the age are fitted for each other. If hereafter the times alter, the arts, like water, will find their level.

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Paintings are considered as pieces of furniture, and Europe is already overstocked with the works of other ages. Who can be expected to give forty guineas for a modern landscape, though in ever so superior a style, when he can purchase one, which, for little more than double the sum, shall be sanctioned by a sounding name, and warranted ori-. This considered, can it excite wonder that the arts have not taken such deep root in this soil as in places where the people cultivate them from a kind of religious necessity, and where proficients have so much more profit in the pursuit?

Whether it is to our honour or disgrace, I will not presume to say, but the fact is indisputable, that the public encourage trade and mechanics, rather than painting and sculpture.

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Is it then reasonable to think, that the artist, who, to attain essential excellence in his profession, should have the talents of a Shakspeare, a Milton, or a Swift, will follow this tedious and laborious study merely for fame, when his next door neighbour, perhaps a porter-brewer, or an haberdasher of small wares, can with- out any genius accumulate an enormous fortune in a few years, become a Lord Mayor, or a Member of Parliament, and purchase a title for his heir? These are the true causes that have retarded our pro- gress; and for this, shall a nation which has, in all ages, abounded in men of sound understanding, and the brightest parts, be branded with incapacity, by a set of pedantic dreamers, who seem to imagine that the degrees of genius are to be measured like the degrees on a globe, determine a man's powers from the latitude in which he was born, and think that a painter, like certain tender plants, can only thrive in a hot-house?

The fact is, that every thing necessary for the student, in sculpture or painting, may at this time be procured in Lon- don. If this be doubted, let a plaster figure be smoked and oiled, and the true dimensions of the muscles can be no more distinguished than those of a sooty chimney- sweeper. After all, though the best statues are unquestionably, in parts, superlatively fine, and superior to nature, yet they have invariably a something that is inferior.

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As to pictures, there are enough in England to seduce us from studying nature, which every man ought to do, if he. For this they gain great credit, and are supposed vast proficients, because they have travelled.

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They are gravely attended to by people of rank, with whom they claim acquaintance, and talk of the antique in a cant phraseology, made up of half or whole Italian, to the great surprise of their hearers, who become gulls, in order to pass for connoisseurs, wonder with a foolish face of praise and bestow unqualified admiration on the marvellous bad copies of marvellous bad originals, which they have brought home as trophies, and triumphantly display, to prove their discernment and taste.

Neither England nor Italy ever produced a more con- temptible dauber than the late Mr. Kent, and yet he gained the prize at Rome, in England had the first peo- ple for his patrons, and, to crown the whole, was appointed painter to the king. But in this country such men meet with the greatest encouragement, and soonest work their way into noblemen's houses and palaces. To conclude, I think that this ostentatious establishment can answer no one valuable purpose to the arts, nor be of the.


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But when those painters, who projected the scheme, presumed to bear a part in the direction of the school, the Dilettanti kept their money, and rejected them with scorn, the whole castle fell to the ground, and has been no more heard of. This society of castle-builders have a similar idea. The sounding title of a Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, with two or three people of rank at their head, attracted a multitude of subscribers. Artificers of all descriptions were invited, and those who were not bidden, strained every nerve to become members, and appear upon the printed list, as promoters of the fine arts.


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    5. By this means, they were con- sulted in their several professions, and happy was he who could assume courage enough to speak, though ever so little to the purpose. The intention of this great Society is unquestionably laudable, their success in subscriptions astonishing. When the Society was in its infancy, they gave premiums for children's drawings, and for this let children lisp their praise.

    It was asserted that we should thus improve our own manufactures, and gravely asked by these professed encouragers of the commerce of their country, if the French children, being instructed in drawing, did not enable that people to give a better air to all the articles they fabricated. Were this point debated, French superiority would be sup- ported by fashionable ladies, travelled gentlemen, and pic- ture dealers. In opposition to them, would be those who are capable of judging for themselves, the few that are not led away by popular prejudices, and the first artists in the kingdom.

    HOGARTH ILLUSTRATED.

    Of the immense improvement that is to take place in our manufactures, from boys of almost every profession being taught to draw, I form no very sanguine expectations. As measuring is but measuring, I do not think that a tailor would make a suit of clothes fit better, from having been employed twice seven years in taking the dimensions of all the bits of antiquity that remain in Greece.


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    If the study of Claude's landscapes would benefit the carver of a picture frame, or the contemplation of a finely painted. But as this is not the case, giving lads of all ranks a little knowledge of every thing, is almost as absurd as it would be to instruct shopkeepers in oratory, that they may be thus enabled to talk people into buying their goods, because oratory is necessary at the bar and in the pulpit. As from all these causes and many more might be added , it appears that a smattering in the arts can be of little use, except to those who make painting their sole pursuit, why- should we tempt such multitudes to embark in a profession by which they never can be supported?

    A certain number of portrait painters, if they can get patronized by people of rank, may find employment j but the majority, even of these, must either shift how they can amongst their acquaintance, or live by travelling from town to town like gipsies. When I once stated something like this to the Society, a member humanely remarked, that the poorer we kept the artists, the cheaper we might purchase their works. His Adver- tisement for the sale of the paintings of Marriage -a-la-mode, inserted in a Daily Advertiser of , thus concludes:].

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    As according to the standard so righteously and laudably established by picture-dealers, picture-cleaners, picture- frame-makers, and other connoisseurs, the works of a painter are to be esteemed more or less valuable, as they are more or less scarce, and as the living painter is most of all affected by the inferences resulting from this and other considerations equally candid and edifying, Mr.

    Hogarth's, pieces, will be no diminution of their value. James's Even- ing Post of June 7th, is by the first painter in England, perhaps in the world in his way. It has ever been the business of nar- row, little geniuses, who by a tedious application to minute parts, have as they fancy attained to a great insight into the correct drawing of a figure, and have acquired just knowledge enough in the art to tell accurately when a toe is too short, or a finger too thick, to endeavour, by detracting from the merits of great men, to build themselves a kind of reputation.

    These peddling demi-critics, on the painful discovery of some little inaccuracy which proceeds mostly from the freedom of the pencil , without any regard to the more noble parts of a performance which they are totally ignorant of , with great satisfaction condemn the whole as a bad and incorrect piece.

    Bubbleman, that grand Venus, as you are pleased to call it, has not beauty enough for the character of an English cook-maid. A man should have this picture a twelvemonth in his col- lection before he can discover half its beauties! Such impudence as is now continually practised in the picture trade must meet with its proper treatment, would gentlemen but venture to see with their own eyes. What Mr.

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    Sir James Thornhill, in a too modest compliance with the connoisseurs of his time, called in the assistance of Mr. Thus much is in justice to that great English artist. If the reputation of this work were destroyed, it would put a stop to the receipt of daily sums of money from spectators, which is applied to the use of sixty charity-chil- dren.