HERSTORY: Black Female Rites of Passage, Mary C. lewis, pp. of the great black Americans of the 20th century. FRYE STREET AND Garvey was an inspirational leader and a poet of tremen- This is a popular literary work from Egypt's 19th dynasty. poems, song~,md e~say~ th
After the war had ended, Dick found himself left with nothing but a family allowance. He suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD from his war experiences and returned to drinking heavily. Polly finally realized Dick had only three real interests, all acquired at Harvard: Not much of a companion, husband, and father. Her life needed a change. She met Harry Crosby in and married him in She also began a long-term love affair with black actor-boxer Canada Lee. Polly was 28, married, with two small children. He confessed his love for her in the Tunnel of Love at an amusement park.
He seemed to fall in love pretty easily and frequently, though. However, on July 20, they spent the night together and had sex. Two days later Polly accompanied Harry to New York. Polly and Harry's scandalous courtship was the gossip of blue-blood Boston. Harry Crosby pursued Polly.
In May , when she would not respond to his ardor, Crosby threatened suicide if Polly did not marry him. Polly's husband was in and out of sanitariums several times, fighting alcoholism. In May, she revealed her adultery to Dick and suggested a separation to which he offered no resistance. Polly later described Harry's character as: Polly married Harry on September 9, , and they moved to Paris, France. Both Polly and Harry had multiple affairs and soon the couple agreed on having an open marriage.
At her husband's urging, Polly took the name Caresse in In , one of Harry's affairs culminated in his death as part of a murder-suicide or double suicide at the studio of a friend. After this, Caress returned to Paris. Originally, the term meant the woman was old enough to be married, and part of the purpose of such ball was to display her to eligible bachelors and their families with a view to marriage within a select circle. Young women had to look at their best for the occasion.
Her chosen gown was a sheer evening gown with a plunging neckline that displayed her cleavage. Then Polly called her personal maid and her to bring two of her pocket handkerchiefs and some pink ribbon, a needle and thread and some pins. With all that she fashioned the handkerchiefs and ribbon into a simple bra. After the dance, Polly was approached by other girls who wanted to know how she moved so freely.
When they saw Polly's invention, they all wanted one. One day, Polly received a request from a stranger who offered a dollar if she could make one. She knew immediately then that her invention could become a profitable business. Herminie Cadolle, a Parisian couturier, had introduced a breast supporter in His design was a sensation at the Great Exposition of On February 12, , Polly filed for a patent for her invention.
Her design had shoulder straps which attached to the garment's upper and lower corners, and wrap-around laces attached at the lower corners which tied in the woman's front, enabling her to wear gowns cut low in the back. Polly wrote that her invention was well-adapted to women of different size and was so efficient that it may be worn by persons engaged in a violent exercise like tennis.
Her design was lightweight, soft, comfortable to wear, and naturally separated the breasts, unlike the corset, which was heavy, stiff, uncomfortable, and had the effect of creating a single or monobosom effect. Polly's design was the first granted a patent within its category.
However, in the s, the U. Patent Office and foreign patent offices had already issued patents for various bra-like undergarments. By , their brassiere designs had previously been invented and popularized for their practical use within the United States. Harry Crosby, her second husband, discouraged her from pursuing the business and persuaded her to close it. Warner manufactured the Crosby bra for a while. Finally, it was discontinued because it was not a popular style.
After Polly became a married woman when she married her first husband Richard Peabody, she filed a legal certificate with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on May 19, In the document, she declared that she was a married woman conducting a business of her own using separate funds from her husband's bank account. The location also served as a convenient place for hiding her romantic encounters with Harry Crosby, her future second husband.
Caresse Crosby died of pneumonia related to heart disease in Rome, in Her education began when she was 10 years old. Each contributed to educating one another's children in their respective homes. The curriculum of the principles of science and scientific research, Chinese, and sculpture. Self-expression and play were also valued. Appointed lecturer in , she became Professor in the Faculty of Science in Paris in , and afterward Director of the Radium Institute in This center was equipped with a synchro-cyclotron of MeV, and its construction was continued after her death by F.
The Curies are the family with the most Nobel laureates to date. Working so closely with radioactive materials finally caught up with Joliot-Curie. She was diagnosed with leukemia after she was accidentally exposed to polonium when a sealed capsule of the element exploded on her laboratory bench in Treatment with antibiotics and a series of operations relieved her suffering temporarily, however, her condition continued to deteriorate.
Marjorie Stewart was born on October 24, , in Monterey, Virginia. She was an African American businesswoman and inventor. Marjorie studying cosmetology and graduated from A. Molar Beauty School in Chicago in becoming the first African American graduate from this school. After graduation, she married podiatrist Robert E.
Joyner on the same year and opened her first beauty salon. In , at the age of 77, Marjorie was awarded a bachelor's degree in psychology from Bethune-Cookman College in Daytona Beach, Florida. Marjorie met Madame C. Walker, an African American entrepreneur and the first female self-made millionaire, and went to work for her as the national beauty advisor and overseeing of Madame C. Marjorie taught over 15, stylists over her fifty-year career and was also a leader in developing new products, including her permanent wave machine. She was head of the Chicago Defender Charity network and fundraiser for various schools.
Marjorie helped write the first cosmetology laws for the state of Illinois. In , the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D. In , Marjorie took inspiration from a pot roast cooking with paper pins to quicken preparation time to look for an easy solution to curl women's hair. She started experimenting with paper rods before she designed a table that could be used to both curl and straighten hair by wrapping it on rods above the person's head.
This new method allowed hairstyles to last several days. To make the process more comfortable, Marjorie improved it by creating a scalp protector that the lady would wear while is curling her hair. Marjorie Joyner's permanent wave machine was popular in salons across the country with both African American and white women. Patent and Trademark Office granted Marjorie Joyner patent number 1,, for the invention of her permanent wave machine.
Walker's Company and she received almost no money for it. Marjorie Stewart Joyner died of heart failure on December 27, In , the Smithsonian Institution in Washington opened an exhibit featuring Joyner's permanent wave machine and a replica of her original salon. Katharine's father was killed only a few weeks before she was born. The family first moved to New York City, then to France in , and then back to New York City in , where Katharine completed her schooling from the Rayson School and developed an early interest in mathematics. She completed high school at the age of fifteen and earned a scholarship to Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania.
She received her B. Katharine searched for employment opportunities at the Schenectady General Electric plant. She became the first woman to be ever awarded a doctorate in physics from Cambridge University. Katharine Burr Blodgett became the first woman to be hired as a scientist at General Electric. In , Katharine received a patent for perfecting tungsten filaments in electric lamps. Later on, he asked her to concentrate her studies on surface chemistry. The smoke screens saved many lives by covering the troops thereby protecting them from the exposure of toxic smoke.
Katharine Burr Blodgett's most important contribution came from her independent research on an oily substance that Irving Langmuir had developed in the lab. Measuring this unusual substance was only accurate to a few thousandths of an inch but Katharine's new way proved to be accurate to about one-millionth of an inch. In , her new discovery of measuring transparent objects led to her invention of non-reflecting glass.
This invisible glass became a very effective device for physicists, chemists, and metallurgists. It was put to use in many consumer products from picture frames to camera lenses and has also been exceptionally helpful in optics. Katharine Burr Blodgett had been issued a total of eight U. She was the sole inventor on all but two of them. Katharine Burr Blodgett received many awards, including the Garvan Medal in Katharine was nominated to be part of the American Physical Society and was a member of the Optical Society of America.
Katharine Burr Blodgett died in her home on October 12, She moved to the United States after completing her Ph. This invention saved the lives of airmen and sailors who would have been without water when abandoned at sea. Glauber's salt was one of her preferred materials. For this reason, she is known as the Sun Queen. She built it entirely with solar heating together with the architect Eleanor Raymond.
She received her Ph. In , Barbara and colleague Harriet Creighton published A Correlation of Cytological and Genetical Crossing-over in Zea mays , a paper that established that chromosomes formed the basis of genetics. The Rockefeller Foundation funded Barbara's research at Cornell from to After that, she was hired by the University of Missouri where she remained until In the s, by observing and experimenting with variations in the coloration of kernels of corn, Barbara discovered that genetic information is not stationary.
These genes controlled the genes that were actually responsible for pigmentation. Barbara McClintock found that the controlling elements could move along the chromosome to a different site and that these changes affected the behavior of neighboring genes. Her research and discoveries suggested that these transposable elements were responsible for new mutations in pigmentation or other characteristics. Too ahead of her time, Barbara McClintock discovered the role of controlling elements in genetic regulation and transposition in the s and s. In the late s and s, Barbara McClintock's work was replicated after biologists determined that the genetic material was DNA.
Members of the scientific community began to verify her early findings. Finally, McClintock's work was recognized and she was inundated with awards and honors. In , Barbara McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for her study of corn chromosomes, which revolutionized the field of cytogenetics. In , based on her experiments and publications during the s, McClintock was elected vice president of the Genetics Society of America and president of the Genetics Society in Barbara received a Guggenheim Fellowship in to study in Germany, but she left early because of the rise of Nazism.
Ruth Graves Wakefield was an American chef, an educator, a business owner, an author, and the inventor of the first chocolate chip cookie. Ruth Graves was born on June 17, , in Easton, Massachusetts. Ruth worked as a dietitian and lectured about foods at Framingham State Normal School Department of Household Arts, from where she had graduated in They came up with this name because it had been a place where passengers had historically paid a toll, changed horses, and ate home-cooked meals. Kennedy, enjoyed Ruth's meals. Ruth's chocolate chip cookies were very popular and unique. Despite it is sometimes incorrectly reported that the invention was an accident, Ruth deliberately invented the cookie when she wanted to create something different from what she usually offered.
At it always happens with chocolate chip cookies, they were comforting in difficult times. Pretty soon, hundreds of U. Then American soldiers started to share the sweet comforting cookie with people from other countries. Soon Ruth began to receive letters from all over the world requesting her recipe. And that's how the worldwide craze for Ruth's chocolate chip cookie began.
Eighty years after its creation, the chocolate chip cookie continues to be today a favorite enjoyed by both adults and children around the world. And everybody then was able to bake their own chocolate chip cookies following Ruth's recipe. Aged 73, Ruth Graves Wakefield died on January 10, Grace Murray-Hopper was a computer pioneer and naval officer. Grace was very curious as a child.
When she was seven, she decided to determine how an alarm clock worked and dismantled seven alarm clocks before for her research. After that, she was limited to one clock. She graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Vassar in with a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics and earned her master's degree at Yale University in In , she earned a Ph. Her dissertation, New Types of Irreducibility Criteria , was published that same year.
Grace did not marry again. However, she chose to retain his surname. However, she was rejected for multiple reasons. At age 34, she was too old to enlist, and her weight to height ratio was too low. She was also denied on the basis that her job as a mathematician and mathematics professor at Vassar College was valuable to the war effort. She had to get an exemption to enlist; she was 15 pounds 6.
Grace Hopper graduated first in her class in and was assigned to the Bureau of Ships Computation Project at Harvard University as a lieutenant, junior grade.
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She served on the Mark I computer programming staff headed by Howard H. Hopper's request to transfer to the regular Navy at the end of the war was declined due to her advanced age of She continued to serve in the Navy Reserve. Hopper remained at the Harvard Computation Lab until , turning down a full professorship at Vassar in favor of working as a research fellow under a Navy contract at Harvard. Under the guidance of Howard Aiken, who had developed the MARK I, Hopper and her colleagues worked on top-secret calculations essential to the war effort computing rocket trajectories, creating range tables for new anti-aircraft guns, and calibrating minesweepers.
Hopper was one of the first three coders now known as programmers. The UNIVAC was the first known large-scale electronic computer to be on the market in and was more competitive at processing information than the Mark I. Hopper recommended the development of a new programming language that would use entirely English words. She was quickly told that computers didn't understand English. Her idea was not accepted for 3 years, and she published her first paper on the subject, compilers, in In the early s, the company was taken over by the Remington Rand Corporation, and it was while she was working for them that her original compiler work was done.
The program was known as the A compiler and its first version was A In , she had an operational link-loader, which at the time was referred to as a compiler. She later said that "Nobody believed that," and that she "had a running compiler and nobody would touch it. They told me computers could only do arithmetic. Manipulating symbols was fine for mathematicians but it was no good for data processors who were not symbol manipulators. Very few people are really symbol manipulators.
If they are they become professional mathematicians, not data processors. It's much easier for most people to write an English statement than it is to use symbols. So Grace decided data processors ought to be able to write their programs in English, and the computers would translate them into machine code. You could say "Subtract income tax from pay" instead of trying to write that in octal code or using all kinds of symbols.
COBOL is the major language used today in data processing. Grace Hopper served as a technical consultant to the committee. Hopper's belief that programs should be written in a language that was close to English rather than in machine code or in languages close to machine code, such as assembly languages was captured in the new business language, and COBOL went on to be the most ubiquitous business language to date. Grace was promoted to the rank of captain in Rear Admiral Hopper was the recipient of more than forty honorary degrees, and many scholarships, professorships, awards, and conferences are named in her honor.
In , she became the first woman and the first American to become a Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society. She was at her home in Arlington, Virginia. Grace Hopper was buried with full military honors in Arlington National Cemetery. The University of Chicago finally took her seriously enough to make her a professor of physics. Although she got her own office, the department still didn't pay her. When the Swedish academy announced in that she had won her profession's highest honor, the San Diego newspaper greeted her big day with the headline "S.
Mother Wins Nobel Prize". The two had met when Mayer had boarded with the Goeppert family. The couple moved to the United States, where he had been offered a position as associate professor of chemistry at Johns Hopkins University. She received a very small salary, a place to work, and access to the facilities. There was little interest in quantum mechanics at Johns Hopkins.
Goeppert Mayer worked with Karl Herzfeld, collaborating on a number of papers. Goeppert Mayer and Herzfeld became involved in refugee relief efforts. Joseph Mayer was fired in Pegram, arranged for Maria Goeppert Mayer to have an office, but she received no salary. Fermi asked her to investigate the valence shell of the undiscovered transuranic elements.
Using the Thomas—Fermi model, Maria predicted that they would form a new series similar to the rare earth elements. This proved to be correct. Suppose they go round the room in circles, each circle enclosed within another. Then imagine that in each circle, you can fit twice as many dancers by having one pair go clockwise and another pair go counterclockwise. Then add one more variation; all the dancers are spinning twirling round and round like tops as they circle the room, each pair both twirling and circling.
But only some of those that go counterclockwise are twirling counterclockwise. The others are twirling clockwise while circling counterclockwise. The same is true of those that are dancing around clockwise: In the late s, Maria Goeppert Mayer developed a mathematical model for the structure of nuclear shells, which she published in These numbers are what Eugene Wigner called magic numbers: Enrico Fermi provided a critical insight by asking Maria: She went on describing the idea beautifully.
Three German scientists, Otto Haxel, J. Jensen, and Hans Suess, were also working on solving the same nuclear shell model Maria was working, and they all arrived at the same conclusion independently. However, their results were announced in the issue of the Physical Review before Goeppert Mayer's announcement in June However, she later collaborated with them. Maria Goeppert Mayer died in San Diego, California, on February 20, , after a heart attack that had struck her the previous year left her comatose.
The Apgar Score method reduced infant mortality and laid the foundations of neonatology. Virginia was the youngest of the three children of Charles E. Apgar, an insurance executive, and Helen May Apgar.
Virginia learned to play the violin as a child, a practice she continued throughout her life. Virginia's early interest in science and medicine were perhaps inspired by her father, who was an amateur inventor and astronomer. By the time Virginia was in high school, she had already decided to pursue a medical career. Virginia graduated from Westfield High School in and entered Mount Holyoke College the same year, where she majored in zoology at the same time she got a number of part-time jobs to support herself. Her rapid speech and seemingly endless energy became her trademark in college.
She seemed to have time for everything. Virginia played on seven sports teams, reported for the college newspaper, acted in dramatic productions, and played violin in the orchestra. Despite the time and energy devoted to all these activities, her academic work was exceptional. In her last year, her zoology professor and advisor noted: Virginia traveled with her violin, often playing in amateur chamber quartets wherever she happened to be.
During the s a friend introduced her to instrument-making, and together they made two violins, a viola, and a cello. Virginia's other hobbies included gardening, fly-fishing, golfing, and stamp collecting. She was one of only nine women in a class of ninety. Virginia's performance in surgery was impeccable. However, after her first year her mentor, Allen Whipple, suggested that because she was a woman she should pursue anesthesiology instead.
At the time, anesthesiology was just beginning to take shape as a medical specialty. Virginia decided to accept this advice, and, after her second year of internship, she trained for a year at the Presbyterian's nurse-anesthetist program. In , she returned to the Presbyterian Hospital as director of a new Division of Anesthesia within the Department of Surgery.
Virginia was the first woman to head a division at Presbyterian. There, Virginia was responsible for the recruitment and training of anesthesiology residents, teaching medical students who rotated through the anesthesia service and coordinating anesthesia work and research at the hospital. During the next eleven years, Virginia Apgar transformed the anesthesia service at Presbyterian into one staffed with physicians rather than nurses, and established the anesthesiology education program there, in the process becoming a legendary and much-beloved teacher.
In , the Division of Anesthesiology became a department. After all the work and effort she had put into it, Virginia Apgar expected to be named chair, but the position was given to a male colleague, Emanuel Papper. She was the first woman to hold that rank there. Free of administrative duties, Virginia continued to teach and devoted more time to research in obstetrical anesthesia. Virginia was especially interested in the effects of maternal anesthesia on the newborn, and in lowering the neonatal mortality rates.
Virginia regularly traveled each year to speak to widely varied audiences about the importance of early detection of birth defects and the need for more research in this area. She was an excellent ambassador for the National Foundation, and the annual income of that organization more than doubled during her tenure there. From to , Virginia Apgar was also a lecturer and from to , a clinical professor of pediatrics at Cornell University School of Medicine, where she taught teratology the study of birth defects.
She was the first to hold a faculty position in this new area of pediatrics. Virginia Apgar published over sixty scientific articles and numerous shorter essays for newspapers and magazines during her career, along with her book, Is My Baby All Right? The method, published in , was later known as the Apgar Score. In , Virginia p ublished her first article on the Apgar Score. The Apgar score is based on a total score of 1 to The Apgar Score is based on the baby's heart rate, respiration, movement, irritability, and color one minute after birth.
By the late s, Dr. Virginia Apgar had attended over 17, births. In the course of refining the scoring system, she had encountered many cases of birth defects, and she began to correlate these with each other and with the scores. Apgar worked with L. Stanley James, Duncan Holaday, and others to relate Apgar Scores to the effects of labor, delivery, and maternal anesthesia practices. Their resulting work on neonatal blood chemistry provided physiological support for the value of Apgar testing immediately after birth. The Apgar evaluation became standard practice and is now performed on all children born in hospitals worldwide.
Waters Award from the American Society of Anesthesiologists in As one can imagine due to her dedication, Dr. Virginia Apgar never retired and remained active until shortly before her death. However, the very active Virginia was slowed down by progressive liver disease during her final years. Virginia Apgar died on August 7, , at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, a place she knew very well, where she had trained and then worked for much of her life.
Those who knew her remembered her as much for her warmth, vivacity, and wicked sense of humor as for her sharp intelligence and professional competence. Without any doubt, a remarkable human being. She was an Italian Nobel laureate, honored for her work in neurobiology. Her father discouraged his daughters from attending college because he feared it would disrupt their potential lives as wives and mothers, as if this were the only function for a woman's life.
Eventually he supported Rita's aspirations to become a doctor. After graduating summa cum laude M. However, her academic career was cut short by Benito Mussolini's Manifesto of Race and the subsequent introduction of laws barring Jews from academic and professional careers. Not giving up on her important research, during World War II Rita set up a laboratory in her bedroom and studied the growth of nerve fibers in chicken embryos, which laid the groundwork for much of her later research.
On April 22, , Rita Levi-Montalcini became the first Nobel laureate ever to reach the age of This was celebrated with a party at Rome's City Hall. At the time of her death, Rita was the oldest living Nobel laureate. Rita was made a full professor in In , she established a second laboratory in Rome and divided her time between there and St. Rita retired in She later retired from that position in However, she continued to be involved as a guest professor. In the s, Rita was one of the first scientists pointing out the importance of the mast cell in human pathology. In , she identified the endogenous compound palmitoylethanolamide as an important modulator of this cell.
Those who can't create, criticize. He was impressed after she duplicated the results of her home laboratory experiments. Hamburger offered her a research associate position, which she held for 30 years. It was there that, in , she did her most important work: By transferring pieces of tumors to chicken embryos, Rita Levi-Montalcini established a mass of cells that was full of nerve fibers. The discovery of nerves growing everywhere like a halo around the tumor cells was surprising. Rita described it as follows:: The nerve growth produced by the tumor was unlike anything Rita had seen before.
The nerves took over areas that would become other tissues and even entered veins in the embryo. However, nerves did not grow into the arteries, which would flow from the embryo back to the tumor. This suggested to Levi-Montalcini that the tumor itself was releasing a substance that was stimulating the growth of nerves.
In , she received the National Medal of Science, the highest American scientific honor. In , she received the Ph. Levi-Montalcini never married and had no children. In a interview, she said: My life has been enriched by excellent human relations, work, and interests. I have never felt lonely.
She died in her home in Rome on December 30, When Dorothy was 10 years old, she became interested in chemistry and in crystals. This interest was encouraged by Dr. Joseph, a friend of her parents in Sudan, who gave her chemicals to analyze ilmenite. Most of her childhood she spent with her sisters at Geldeston in Norfolk. One other girl, Norah Pusey, and Dorothy Crowfoot were allowed to join the boys doing chemistry at school with Miss Deeley as their teacher. By the end of school, she had decided to study chemistry and possibly biochemistry at university.
At the age of 24, Dorothy began experiencing pain in her hands. In her last years, she spent a great deal of time in a wheelchair but remained scientifically active despite her disability. In , she married Thomas Hodgkin, son of one historian and grandson of two others.
Dorothy and Thomas had three children. For a brief time during her first year, she combined archaeology and chemistry, analyzing glass tesserae from Jerash with E. Dorothy attended the special course in crystallography and decided to do research in X-ray crystallography and on thallium dialkyl halides.
In , Somerville gave her a research fellowship, to be held for one year at Cambridge and the second at Oxford. She returned to Somerville and Oxford in where she remained. She was responsible mainly for teaching chemistry for the women's colleges. She worked in the Department of Mineralogy and Crystallography. She advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography, a method used to determine the three-dimensional structures of crystals. One of Dorothy Hodgkin's most influential discoveries is the confirmation of the structure of penicillin as previously surmised by Edward Abraham and Ernst Boris Chain, and the structure of vitamin B 12 , for which she became the third woman to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
In , after 35 years of work, Hodgkin was able to decipher the structure of insulin, a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. Her research began in when she was offered a small sample of crystalline insulin by Robert Robinson. The hormone captured her imagination because of the intricate and wide-ranging effect it has on the body. At this stage, X-ray crystallography had not been developed far enough to cope with the complexity of the insulin molecule.
Hodgkin and others spent many years improving the technique. Thirty-five years later, in , larger and more complex molecules were tackled and the structure of insulin was finally resolved. This was because of Hodgkin's political activities, and her husband Thomas' association with the Communist Party.
Shouldn't science be above politics? In , Dorothy Hodgkin was in Ghana with her husband when they received the news that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize. Hodgkin was never a communist, but she shared with her mother Molly a concern about social inequalities and a determination to do what she could to prevent armed conflict and, in particular, the threat of nuclear war. Dorothy became president of the Pugwash Conference in and served longer than any who preceded or succeeded her in this post.
She stepped down in , the year after the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty imposed a global ban on short- and long-range nuclear weapons systems, as well as an intrusive verification regime. She accepted the Lenin Peace Prize from the Soviet government in in recognition of her work for peace and disarmament. Dorothy Hodgkin won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
As of has remained the only British woman scientist to have been awarded a Nobel Prize in any of the three sciences it recognizes. In , she was the second woman in 60 years, after Florence Nightingale, to be appointed to the Order of Merit by a king or queen. Dorothy was the first and, as of July , remains the only woman to receive the prestigious Copley Medal. The communist government of Bulgaria awarded her its Dimitrov Prize. Those were all people who recognized the difference between science and politics. An asteroid discovered on 23 December by L.
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How my least word lent colour to thy cheek! We parted; years are past, and thou art dead;. Torn from thy sight, to save a life of gloom,. How beauteous art thou, O thou morning sun! The infant strains his little arms, to catch.
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Sweet to the lip, the draught, the blushing fruit;. Yet each keen sense were dulness but for thee;. How many lips have sung thy praise, how long! Thy dark-eyed daughters come in beauty forth. Haply, sometimes, spent with the sleepless night,. SWEET is the evening twilight; but, alas! And look like heaven dissolved. The bard has sung, God never form'd a soul.
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A charm o'er every object plays —. That, wrung by grief to see it part,. I love thy bowers,. They praised my forehead's stainless white;. Well pleased, the kind return I gave,. Why will my heart so wildly beat? I fear my native snows; —. The orange-tree has fruit and flowers;. When the white coffee-blossoms swell,. Drive gently on, dark muleteer,. Escapes for those I love so well,. On, on, my bark! OH, moon of flowers! Oh, moon of flowers! I WAS a pensive pilgrim at the foot. Thee light, and man salvation. How beautiful it stands,. For there, as many a year.
Or where the o'er-arching grove. Yon old forsaken nests. And where alternate springs. Fain would I know what forms. Heaven bless you, too, my plants,. Thou, too, of changeful mood,.
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To each perennial flower,. Praise to our Father-God,. FLOW on for ever, in thy glorious robe. Earth fears to lift. HAS it come, the time to fade? Hydrangia, on her telegraph. The vine that o'er my casement climb'd. Put on thy mourning, said my soul,. The lily, as a timid bride,. The ripen'd rose, where are they now? WHERE art thou, bird of song? Lamb, where dost thou rest? Seek thy Saviour's flock,. RISE from the dells where ye first were born,. There was a dell. Yet I strangely thought.
SAW ye the farmer at his plough,. Come, see him at his harvest-home,. The dog partakes his master's joy,. The Harvest-Giver is their friend,. IT stood among the chestnuts, its white spire. Heaven bless thee, Lonely Church,. Think'st thou to be conceal'd, thou little seed,.
Think'st thou to be conceal'd, thou little thought,. WHO asks if I remember thee? Did Israel's exiled sons, when far from Zion's hill away,. The simple cap that deck'd thy brow is still to Memory dear,. Gleams forth, with all its letter'd lines, still fresh with hues of thought. The flowers, the dear, familiar flowers, that in thy garden grew,. I feel thy love within my breast, it nerves me strong and high,. THOU wak'st, my baby boy, from sleep,. With what a smile of gladness meek. The artist's pencil shall it guide?
Through music's labyrinthine maze,. Old Coke's or Blackstone's mighty tome. Well skilled, the pulse of sickness press? Say, shall it find the cherished grasp. Grant it to dry the tear of woe,. Write wisdom on the wing of time,. Discharge a just, an useful part. THE Lord is on his holy throne,. Your sorrows to his eye are known,. Doth Death thy bosom's cell invade? Press not thy purpose on thy God,. True prayer is not the noisy sound. Go to thy rest, my child!
Before thy heart might learn. Because thy smile was fair,. FROM a bright hearth-stone of our land,. That beam is gather'd back again. Yet better 't were to pass away,. Lost —where the thoughtless throng. But when the sea and land. THE past she ruleth. When o'er the future many a shade. Make friends of potent Memory,. Make friends of potent Memory. It was the quietest of nooks; —. When memory's harp had ceased to ring,. In summer, when the fields were green,. There, with one friend, delightful flew.
It was the homestead of my mind;. And there with mingled joy and pain,. There, when my heart was sick with grief,. OF all his starry honours shorn,. Blue-eyed she comes with tresses spread,. The tall corn briskly stirs its sheaves;. The flowers, that lay all night in tears,. With beads the trembling grass is dress'd, —.
The lake obeys the zephyr's will,. With busy sounds the valley rings;. The gentle kine forsake the shed,. Scattering the night-clouds as in scorning,. SLEEP on, sleep on! And canst thou lift. Say, is it Passion's breathing vow? Enjoy the fleeting hour, —forget.
Love's roses droop ere morn hath fled;. Each day, each hour, love's nearest ties. The friend so closely link'd to thee,. The most impassion'd love that warms. Thy children —o'er their opening minds. Those laughing boys that round. Though warmly smile beam back to smile,. Then bind not earthly ties too close,. Bird of nervous wing and bright,. Is the purple sea-weed rarer. Shady grove and sunny slope,.
Where no winds too rudely swell,. There, the mock-bird sings of love;. Sea-bird, stay thy rapid flight: He obeyeth God's behest:. If to struggle with the storm. IT was the Sabbath eve —we went,. In darker grandeur, as the day. The cooling dews their balm distill'd;.
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The green-wood waved its shade hard by,. Her beauty 't was a joy to note,. All motionless, with head inclined,. Once more the magic sounds we tried —. We know not, and we ne'er may know,. THE flowers, the many flowers. They, to the summer air. The breeze, the gentle breeze. The brook, the limpid brook. The hours, the youthful hours,. Young life, young turbulent life,. THE shades of eve are gathering slowly round,. Calls through the deep'ning twilight — Whippoorwill. Faintly is heard the whispering mountain breeze;.
No more the woodman's axe is heard to fall;. Again, and yet again, comes Whippoorwill. I would not hear thee mourn, poor Whippoorwill. Thoughts of my distant home upon me press,. Touch'd with that plaintive burthen — Whippoorwill. Sing to the village lass, whose happy home. Sing not to me, oh gentle Whippoorwill. Ah, they cannot hear. Another name my lips would breathe; —but then.
Hush, or thou'lt break my heart, sad Whippoorwill! THERE sits a woman on the brow. She heeds not how the mad waves leap. As morning twilight faintly gleams,. Far other once was Rosalie;. O'er her pure thoughts did sorrow fling. A sailor's bride 't was hers to be: But long, where all is wreck'd beside,. Nine years —though all had given him o'er,. On that high rock, abrupt and bare,. And every far-off sail she sees,. The sea-bird answers to her cry;. It cannot go; —with that to part,.
When falling dews the clover steep,. Down the rude track her feet have worn, —. But when the gray morn tints the sky,.
Again she goes, untired, to sit. Hidden, and deep, and never dry,. All else may fail that soothes the heart,. MY piazza, my piazza! I envy not the gorgeousness that decks the crowded room,. My fresh and cool piazza! I seek the healthy breeze. My bright and gay piazza! I love thee in the hour,. My cool and fresh piazza! I love thee when the sun. I prize thy quiet talk,.
My piazza, my piazza! My loved and lone piazza! I feel as if a spirit's wing came near and brush'd my heart,. THE gay saloon was thronged with grace and beauty,. When nature's beauties bless thy sight,. When the far-clustering stars unroll. When music with her unsought lay. But should misfortune hovering nigh. Should poverty with withering hand. When youth and youthful pleasures fly,. And when unerring death, at last,. And when thy spirit soars above,.
MY garden, fresh and beautiful! My garden— fair and brilliant! My quiet little garden! My friendly little garden! WHY should old age escape unnoticed here,. You bid me be busy; but, mother, hear. I wish, oh, I wish I was yonder cloud,. BIRD of the south! While stranger-throngs roll by, thy song is lending. And I will sing, though dear ones, loved and loving,. And with heart-music shall my feeble aiding. As, in lonely thought, I ponder'd. Soon vast mountains rose before me,. Then the clouds of ancient fable. Sisyphus, for ever toiling,. Rugged strength and radiant beauty —. While our faith in good grows stronger,.
As the rivers, farthest flowing,. WE all are children in our strife to seize. Or, like the boy, whose eager hand is raised. And yet the child will have enjoyment true,. And ever those who would enjoyment gain,. THERE knelt beneath the tulip tree.
In vain the flowers may woo around, —. And on her heart, that gentle maid. Of old the sacred mistletoe. But still the olive-leaf imparts,. As on each rock, where plants can cling,. THE night was dark and fearful,. Within that dwelling lonely,. A hundred lights are glancing. The morning sun is shining —. I SING to him! I dream he hears. Love gives to nature's voice a tone. I breathe the dear and cherish'd name,. O, these are all before me, when. THE birds their love-notes warble. An only child was Alice,. Beneath such tender training,. The gift that made her charming. And when in merry laughter.
And so she came, like sunbeams. Shadow'd beneath those awful piles of stone,. Slowly, like youthful Titan gathering strength. But now it deepens, struggles, rushes on;. Collins; Katherine Penscott Crafts; Mrs. Moody Currier; Harriet P. Micah Dyer; Maria L. Mary Baker Eddy; Mrs. Edgerly; Mary Noves Farr.
Wife of Bishop Wilkinson; Mrs. Kerr and Daughter; Mrs. Kerr and Daughter Sea Rescue ; Mrs. Jackson, and other writers. Ballads of Brave Women: Stories of Life and Adventure. Elida Rumsey Fowle; Mrs. Hawley; Miss Rebecca R. Elizabeth Mendenhall; Mary E. Stephen Barker; Miss Emily W. Burger Stearns; Miss Maria M. Hall; Miss Amy M. No table of contents. Publisher's advertising pages include bared bosoms and ankles, erect canes and whips, titles such as Gotham by Gas-Light and The Mysteries of Mormonism.
Frontispiece of undated Edinburgh edition: Elizabeth Fry reading to the female convicts and sailors. Woolmer, , or Historical Tales of Celebrated Women , volumes of juvenile fiction. Contents nearly identical to chapters of a, Watson, Heroic Women of History. Spencer Smith ; Mademoiselle Ambos. Barbauld; Hannah More; Mrs. Annotated Bibliography, Earlier and Later Examples. Mabie, Hamilton Wright, and Kate Stephens, eds. Doubleday, Page, ; Doubleday, Page, ; Doubleday, Doran, Search Google Books for this title.
The Empresses of Constantinople. The Empresses of Rome. Eve and Her Daughters; or, Heroines of Home. The Women Friends of Jesus: The Women of Illinois. The Women of America. New York and London: The Romance of Irish Heroines. Talbot, ; 19 William Mackintosh, The Woman of Tact: Bible Types of Modern Women: A Course of Lectures to Young Women.
London and New York: Doran, ; ; A Book for Girls. Johns Hopkins University Press; H. Milford, Oxford University Press, The Johns Hopkins Press, Women of the Meiji Era. New York and Chicago: The Women of the Medici. Original essay won Girton College Gamble prize in Famous Women of Vienna. Halm and Goldmann, ; Their Triumphs and Activities. Their History and Romance. Famous Women of Oxfordshire. Notable Women of the Bible: Their Services in Home and State. Heroines of Early Methodism. Southern Methodist, ; Martyn, Sarah Towne Smith.
Daughters of the Cross: Or, The Cottage and the Palace. American Tract Society,