Caring for the Child Within - A Manual for Grownups

CARING FOR THE CHILD WITHIN A MANUAL FOR GROWNUPS - In this site isn `t the same as a solution manual you buy in a book store or download off.
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Growth from birth to adolescence occurs in 2 distinct phases:.

Phase 1 from birth to about age 1 to 2 yr: This phase is one of rapid growth, although the rate of growth decreases over that period. Phase 2 from about 2 yr to the onset of puberty: In this phase, growth occurs in relatively constant annual increments. Puberty is the process of physical maturation from child to adult.

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Adolescence defines an age group; puberty occurs during adolescence see Physical Growth and Sexual Maturation of Adolescents. At puberty, a 2nd growth spurt occurs, affecting boys and girls slightly differently. From birth until age 2 yr, it is recommended that all growth parameters be charted using standard growth charts from the WHO.

After age 2, growth parameters are charted using growth charts from the CDC 1. Clarification and additional information. Length is measured in children too young to stand; height is measured once the child can stand. In most boys, half the adult height is attained by about age 2; in most girls, height at 19 mo is about half the adult height. Rate of change in height height velocity is a more sensitive measure of growth than time-specific height measures. In general, healthy term infants and children grow about 2.

Before 12 mo, height velocity varies and is due in part to perinatal factors eg, prematurity. Some small-for-gestational-age infants tend to be shorter throughout life than infants whose size is appropriate for their gestational age. Boys and girls show little difference in height and growth rate during infancy and childhood. Weight follows a similar pattern.

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In general, boys are heavier and taller than girls when growth is complete because boys have a longer prepubertal growth period, increased peak velocity during the pubertal growth spurt, and a longer adolescent growth spurt. Head circumference reflects brain size and is routinely measured up to 36 mo. Head circumference increases 3. Body composition proportions of body fat and water changes and affects drug volume of distribution. There is a slow rise again until the onset of puberty, when body fat may again fall, especially in boys. Parents who overemphasize achievement are more likely to have kids with high levels of depression, anxiety, and substance abuse compared to other kids.

They are not diverted from the task of learning by a concern with how smart they might — or might not — look. More on praising correctly here. Want to avoid dealing with a surly teenager? Then teach those pre-teens to look on the bright side. Ten-year-olds who are taught how to think and interpret the world optimistically are half as prone to depression when they later go through puberty. Author Christine Carter puts it simply: More on how to encourage optimism here. Tell me about that. Relate to the child, help them identify what they are feeling and let them know that those feelings are okay even though bad behavior might not be.

More on active listening and labeling and how hostage negotiators use this here. We can overcome that with good habits. Thinking through these methods is taxing but acting habitually is easy, once habits have been established. How do you help kids build lasting happiness habits? Carter explains a few powerful methods backed by research:. More on developing good habits here. Self-discipline in kids is more predictive of future success than intelligence — or most anything else, for that matter. Kids who better resisted temptation went on to much better lives years later and were happier.

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This is at least in part because self-discipline facilitates learning and information processing. In addition, self-disciplined kids cope better with frustration and stress and tend to have a greater sense of social responsibility. In other words, self-discipline leads not just to school success and sitting nicely at the dinner table but to greater happiness, more friends and increased community engagement.

Help kids learn to distract themselves from temptation. One way to do it is to obscure the temptation—to physically cover up the tempting marshmallow. When a reward is covered up, 75 percent of kids in one study were able to wait a full fifteen minutes for the second marshmallow; none of the kids was able to wait this long when the reward was visible.

More on increasing self-discipline here. We read a lot about mindfulness and meditation these days — and both are quite powerful. Most kids already practice mindfulness — fully enjoying the present moment — when they play.

Researchers believe that this dramatic drop in unstructured playtime is in part responsible for slowing kids cognitive and emotional development… In addition to helping kids learn to self-regulate, child-led, unstructured play with or without adults promoted intellectual, physical, social, and emotional well-being. Unstructured play helps children learn how to work in groups, to share, negotiate, resolve conflicts, regulate their emotions and behavior, and speak up for themselves.

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No strict instructions are necessary here: Budget more time for your kids to just get outside and simply play. More on the power of playing for kids and adults here. Your efforts will be constrained by time and effort, while context affects us and children constantly. Sociologists show that happier people tend to watch considerably less television than unhappy people. But we do know that there are a lot of activities that will help our kids develop into happy, well-adjusted individuals. More non-television happiness activities are here.

Sometimes all science does is validate those things our grandparents knew all along. Yes, family dinner matters. Studies show that kids who eat dinner with their families on a regular basis are more emotionally stable and less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol. They got better grades. And they are less likely to become obese or have an eating disorder.