In this policy analysis, we argue that the War on Terror has been a We conclude by arguing that the United States should ramp down its that the Bush administration in called the “4-D” strategy. Direct military intervention involves sending American troops to fight, .. [and] win the war of ideas.
Table of contents
The Internet has created a new channel for groups to spread their messages. The United Nations has created its own online counter-terrorism resource. The mass media will, on occasion, censor organizations involved in terrorism through self-restraint or regulation to discourage further terrorism.
However, this may encourage organizations to perform more extreme acts of terrorism to be shown in the mass media.
Pastor explains the significant relationship between terrorism and the media, and the underlying benefit each receives from the other. There is always a point at which the terrorist ceases to manipulate the media gestalt. A point at which the violence may well escalate, but beyond which the terrorist has become symptomatic of the media gestalt itself.
Terrorism as we ordinarily understand it is innately media-related. Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher also famously spoke of the close connection between terrorism and the media, calling publicity 'the oxygen of terrorism'. Jones and Libicki created a list of all the terrorist groups they could find that were active between and Law enforcement took out 40 percent.
Only 20 groups, 7 percent, were taken out by military force. Forty-two groups became large enough to be labeled an insurgency; 38 of those had ended by Of those, 47 percent converted to nonviolent political actors. Only 5 percent were taken out by law enforcement. To avoid that, the rules of engagement must be conscious of collateral damage and work to minimize it.
Another researcher, Audrey Cronin, lists six primary ways that terrorist groups end: The following terrorism databases are or were made publicly available for research purposes, and track specific acts of terrorism:. The following public report and index provides a summary of key global trends and patterns in terrorism around the world. The following publicly available resources index electronic and bibliographic resources on the subject of terrorism. The following terrorism databases are maintained in secrecy by the United States Government for intelligence and counter-terrorism purposes:.
Jones and Libicki includes a table of terrorist groups active between and with their status as of These data are not in a convenient machine-readable format but are available. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 18 September For other uses, see Terrorist disambiguation. Ethnic violence Militia movement Resistance movement. Designated terrorist groups Charities accused of ties to terrorism.
Counter-terrorism International conventions Anti-terrorism legislation Terrorism insurance. Prehistoric Ancient Post-classical Early modern Late modern industrial fourth-gen. Blitzkrieg Deep operation Maneuver Operational manoeuvre group. Military recruitment Conscription Recruit training Military specialism Women in the military Children in the military Transgender people and military service Sexual harassment in the military Conscientious objection Counter recruitment. Arms industry Materiel Supply chain management.
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Oxford dictionary of English 3rd ed. State Terrorism and Political Identity in Indonesia: Socio-Cultural Construction of Recognition: The corporate security professional's handbook on terrorism illustrated ed. Retrieved 17 December The New York Times. Retrieved 11 January Terrorism is the deliberate killing of innocent people, at random, in order to spread fear through a whole population and force the hand of its political leaders. The Psychology of Terrorism Fears. Terrorism and Homeland Security. Historical Atlas of Islam.
Institute for Economics and Peace. The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, — A critique of Jihadist and Bush media politics". Gothic Fiction and the Invention of Terrorism: Terrorism and Modern Literature: From Joseph Conrad to Ciaran Carson. Retrieved 10 July This Internet version contains two, mingled, indications of page numbers: Burke lengthily introduces his view on 'this present Directory government ', and then writes on page [ [] ]: Thousands of those Hell-hounds called Terrorists, whom they had shut up in Prison on their last Revolution, as the Satellites of Tyranny, are let loose on the people.
In Defence of the Terror: Liberty or Death in the French Revolution Reprint ed. Retrieved 24 July Globalization and Violence, Vol. Globalizing War and Intervention. Nationalism, Globalism and State-Terrorism. London and New York: Archived from the original on 27 April A Conceptual Discussion and Literature Review". Retrieved 6 September Archived 16 February at the Wayback Machine. The negotiation dynamics of four UN counter-terrorism treaties, — , p. Marshall Center Occasional Paper Series Terror in the Mind of God. University of California Press.
Federal Bureau of Investigation.
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Archived from the original PDF on 9 July Iraq has accused the United States of state terrorism amid signs that the war of words between the two countries is heating up. This article examines the complex relations between a violent non-state actor, the Al Qaeda network, and order in the international system. Al Qaeda poses a challenge to the sovereignty of specific states but it also challenges the international society as a whole. Social Science Research Network. This would end the argument that one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter For those like Professor Walzer who value the just-war tradition as a disciplined way to think about the morality of war Archived from the original on 16 April A scholar's historical and political survey of terrorism finds that it works".
The New York Times: Inside Terrorism falls into the category of 'must read,' at least for anyone who wants to understand how we can respond to international acts of terror. Archived from the original on 8 June On the Spartacus Educational web site. Uncovering the Politics of the Poppy illustrated, reprint ed. They prefer to use terms like "martyrdom Time , 26 September Like other guerrillas and suicide bombers, they prefer the term "freedom fighters". United States Institute of Peace.
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Retrieved 11 December Seto The Morality of Terrorism Includes a list in The Times published on 23 July , which were described as Jewish terrorist actions, including those launched by Irgun, of which Begin was a leading member. Archived from the original on 5 February Column 72, "However, Jomo Kenyatta, Nelson Mandela and Menachem Begin —to give just three examples—were all denounced as terrorists but all proved to be successful political leaders of their countries and good friends of the United Kingdom.
UN reforms receive mixed response BBC website "Of all groups active in recent times, the ANC perhaps represents best the traditional dichotomous view of armed struggle. Once regarded by western governments as a terrorist group, it now forms the legitimate, elected government of South Africa, with Nelson Mandela one of the world's genuinely iconic figures. Retrieved 7 January Retrieved 23 November McCabe 25 August Queen's University Belfast School of Law.
Archived from the original PDF on 1 December Archived from the original on 30 December Retrieved 9 January Manohar Parrikar — Times of India". Columbia University Press, The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to al Qaeda. University of California Press, From the Fenians to Al Qaeda". Archived from the original on 3 December Retrieved 1 December Terrorism and homeland security: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why: Journal of Forensic Sciences. Social and religious motivations behind terrorism in Chechnya": Archived from the original on 19 September Archived from the original PDF on 21 December Archived from the original PDF on Archived from the original on 1 October The terrorists appear to be deliberately homing in on the few remaining places where Israelis thought they could socialize in peace.
Why Terrorist Groups Endure". Archived from the original on 22 March Europe's longest-enduring terrorist group. A fascist hero in democratic Kiev. NewYork Reviev of Books. The Shining Path, a faction of Peruvian militants, has resurfaced in the remote corners of the Andes. The war against the group, which took nearly 70, lives, supposedly ended in In the s, the rebels were infamous for atrocities like planting bombs on donkeys in crowded markets, assassinations and other terrorist tactics.
Car bomb in South Africa kills 16". The outlawed anti-apartheid group the African National Congress has been blamed for the attack He said the explosion was the "biggest and ugliest" terrorist incident since anti-government violence began in South Africa 20 years ago. Homegrown terrorism is a devil of a problem". Pennsylvania State University, A failed state or a clever gambler? Almost everyone Stern interviewed said they were doing God's will, defending the faithful against the lies and evil deeds of their enemies.
Retrieved 22 March Southern Poverty Law Center. Is There a Causal Connection? A passenger on the flight, Heath Schofield, explained the suspicions: There were just two people in the whole crowd who looked like they didn't belong there. Archived from the original PDF on 12 May Archived from the original on February 21, Retrieved August 10, International Studies Association, Atlanta.
The Foreign Policy of State Terrorism". The Dynamics of Governmental Violence and Repression". Defence and Peace Economics. Rummel New Brunswick, N. Archived 30 October at the Wayback Machine. State Terrorism and Neoliberalism: The North in the South. Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century.
Authoritarian Development and U. Washington did everything in its power to encourage and facilitate the army-led massacre of alleged PKI members, and U. Post Responses to Genocide. Blumenthal and Timothy L. The Legacy of Nuremberg: Civilising Influence or Institutionalised Vengeance?
In Esparza, Marcia; Henry R. State Violence and Genocide in Latin America: Managing the effects of terrorism" PDF. Journal of Travel Research. Eds Tourism in turbulent times: Analysing the politics of risk and in security in global travel". Tourism and Hospitality Research. In Safety and Security in Tourism: Report from a field experiment". Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. Research and Analysis Branch.
The Financial Action Task Force. The Day Wall Street Exploded: See the following works: Hoffman, Bruce June American Political Science Review. Making Sense of Suicide Missions 1st ed. Cited in Richardson, Louise Understanding the Terrorist Threat.
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That's the beauty of asymmetric warfare. You don't need a lot of money, or an army of people. University of Chicago Press, A Reassessment Paul Wilkinson. Terrorism and Political Violence , Vol. Bibi van Ginkel 31 March Towards an Effective Counter Narrative". Retrieved 7 September Implications of the Obama Presidency.
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And that's what we're trying to achieve. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. The world must know that this administration will not blink in the face of danger, and will not tire when it comes to completing the missions that we said we would do. Press conference, Crawford, Texas December 28 , Disputed [ edit ] The problem with the French is that they don't have a word for "entrepreneur.
Alastair Campbell, Blair's director of communications, later said that Blair never heard Bush say this and never told Baroness Williams that he said it. We're not going to have any casualties. Bush campaign advisor Karen Hughes, who was not working in Washington at the time of the invasion, claimed in that Bush did not say this. See John King , " No casualties? I'm driven with a mission from God. God would tell me, George, go and fight those terrorists in Afghanistan. And now, again, I feel God's words coming to me, go get the Palestinians their state and get the Israelis their security, and get peace in the Middle East.
And by God I'm gonna do it. Shaath later clarified this with "We understood that he was illustrating [in his comments] his strong faith and his belief that this is what God wanted. Shaath didn't take Bush's statement literally. Denied also by Mahmoud Abbas , who attended the meeting in question. Abbas said "This report is not true.
I have never heard President Bush talking about religion as a reason behind the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. President Bush has never mentioned that in front of me on any occasion and specifically not during my visit in Stop throwing the Constitution in my face. It's just a goddamned piece of paper! Remarks during an oval office meeting November , attributed in Doug Thompson, Bush on the Constitution: Thompson has since retracted this claim, explaining: Bush called the Constitution a 'god damned piece of paper, I believed it without question because of my personal prejudices against Bush.
I now believe I was wrong and that the incident never happened. The story in our database was modified to reflect my belief that I was lied to about the statement and I was wrong to print it" "Judge us now to see if we have learned from the past" , Capitol Hill Blue 1 January Misattributed [ edit ] We will export death and violence to the four corners of the earth in defense of our great nation. Woodward attributes the quote to one among "about 25 men representing three different Special Forces units and three CIA paramilitary teams" during the dedication of a September 11th memorial in the mountains of Afghanistan on February 5 , Sometimes we must fight terror with tyranny.
This quote actually comes from Maureen Dowd 's self-described "imaged text" for Bush's second inaugural revised speech titled "Bush's do-over speech" , Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 9 November Numerous remarks that were previously attributed in some cases correctly to Dan Quayle See, for example, Margo Kingston , " From the lips of a likely leader of the free world Wikipedia has an article about: Wikinews has news related to this article: