Geistererscheinung (German Edition)

Geistererscheinungen ohne Geister. (German Edition) [Friedrich Samuel Mursinna] on leondumoulin.nl *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. This is a reproduction.
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"Geistererscheinung" in English

German Geist in this particular sense of "mind, wit, erudition; intangible essence, spirit" has no precise English-language equivalent, for which reason translators sometimes retain Geist as a German loanword. According to Hegel, the Weltgeist "world spirit" is not an actual object or a transcendental, Godlike thing, but a means of philosophizing about history.

This has led some to claim that Hegel favored the great man theory , although his philosophy of history , in particular concerning the role of the " universal state" Universalstaat , which means a universal "order" or "statute" rather than " state " , and of an "End of History" is much more complex. For Hegel, the great hero is unwittingly utilized by Geist or absolute spirit , by a "ruse of reason" as he puts it, and is irrelevant to history once his historic mission is accomplished; he is thus subjected to the teleological principle of history, a principle which allows Hegel to reread the history of philosophy as culminating in his philosophy of history.

Weltgeist , the world spirit concept, designates an idealistic principle of world explanation, which can be found from the beginnings of philosophy up to more recent time. The concept of world spirit was already accepted by the idealistic schools of ancient Indian philosophy, whereby one explained objective reality as its product. See metaphysical objectivism In the early philosophy of Greek antiquity, Socrates , Plato and Aristotle all paid homage, amongst other things, to the concept of world spirit. Hegel later based his philosophy of history on it.

Weltgeist "world-spirit" is older than the 18th century, at first 16th century in the sense of "secularism, impiety, irreligiosity" spiritus mundi , in the 17th century also personalised in the sense of "man of the world", "mundane or secular person".

English-German Dictionary

Also from the 17th century, Weltgeist acquired a philosophical or spiritual sense of "world-spirit" or "world-soul" anima mundi, spiritus universi in the sense of Panentheism , a spiritual essence permeating all of nature, or the active principle animating the universe, including the physical sense, such as the attraction between magnet and iron or between Moon and tide. This idea of Weltgeist in the sense of anima mundi became very influential in 18th-century German philosophy.

In philosophical contexts, der Geist on its own could refer to this concept, as in Christian Thomasius , Versuch vom Wesen des Geistes Herder , who tended to prefer the form Weltengeist as it were "spirit of worlds" , pushes this to the point of composing prayers addressed to this world-spirit:. The term was notably embraced by Hegel and his followers in the early 19th century. For the 19th century, the term as used by Hegel became prevalent, less in the sense of an animating principle of nature or the universe but as the invisible force advancing world history:. Hegel's description of Napoleon as "the world-soul on horseback" die Weltseele zu Pferde became proverbial.

leondumoulin.nl dictionary :: Geistererscheinung :: German-English translation

The phrase is a shortened paraphrase of Hegel's words in a letter written on 13 October , the day before the Battle of Jena , to his friend Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer:. I saw the Emperor — this world-soul — riding out of the city on reconnaissance. It is indeed a wonderful sensation to see such an individual, who, concentrated here at a single point, astride a horse, reaches out over the world and masters it.


  • Synonyms for "Geistererscheinung".
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The letter was not published in Hegel's time, but the expression was attributed to Hegel anecdotally, appearing in print from Volksgeist or Nationalgeist refers to a "spirit" of an individual people Volk , its "national spirit" or "national character". The term Nation at this time is used in the sense of natio "nation, ethnic group, race", mostly replaced by the term Volk after Savigniy explicitly referred to the concept of an esprit des nations used by Voltaire. Hegel uses the term in his Lectures on the Philosophy of History. In Germany the concept of Volksgeist has developed and changed its meaning through eras and fields.

The most important examples are: In the literary field, Schlegel and the Brothers Grimm. In the history of cultures, Herder. In the history of the State or political history, Hegel. In the field of law, Savigny and in the field of psychology Wundt. Furthermore it is not limited to Romanticism as it is commonly known. The concept of was also influential in American cultural anthropology. According to the historian of anthropology George W. The term is now mostly associated with Hegel , contrasting with Hegel's use of Volksgeist "national spirit" and Weltgeist "world-spirit", but its coinage and popularization precedes Hegel, and is mostly due to Herder and Goethe.

The term as used contemporarily may more pragmatically refer to a fashion or fad which prescribes what is acceptable or tasteful, e. Hegel in Phenomenology of the Spirit uses both Weltgeist and Volksgeist but prefers the phrase Geist der Zeiten "spirit of the times" over the compound Zeitgeist.

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Hegel believed that culture and art reflected its time. The term has also been used more widely in the sense of an intellectual or aesthetic fashion or fad. For example, Charles Darwin 's proposition that evolution occurs by natural selection has been cited as a case of the zeitgeist of the epoch, an idea "whose time had come", seeing that his contemporary, Alfred Russel Wallace , was outlining similar models during the same period. Malcolm Gladwell argued in his book Outliers that entrepreneurs who succeeded in the early stages of a nascent industry often share similar characteristics.