One thing to remember if nothing from this book is you came from nothing and you will be returning to nothing so why do you need anything. Like attracts like.
Table of contents
Gigantic earth-moving machinery, enormous opencast mines and other technologies have turned the northern Ruhr region , for example, into a polder landscape in which the pumps must never be turned off. By comparison, pre-modern mining seemed positively idyllic, not only because opencast excavation and technical rationalization subsequently enabled the movement of quantities of earth which were of a different order of magnitude.
The effects on the land — although limited to the locality — were massive, particularly since — even in heavily regulated Germany — a thorough recultivation of the soil only became mandatory after serious controversies. From the 19th century onward, the distance between the sites where mining and processing occurs and the society which consumes the mineral resources has grown.
This situation has only partially changed in the recent past, as demonstrated by the protests against power stations in Hamburg-Moorburg and Datteln , which focused on the climatic effects of emissions rather than the question of the origin of the imported coal. However, transnational networks in mining already existed in the 19th century, and not only in the case of precious metals.
Ego-Wrappin'
For example, the steel company Krupp owned iron ore deposits in Spain ever since and acquired more than 80 per cent of its ore from abroad in the years before the First World War. There are few topics which so clearly demonstrate the gulf between the history of knowledge and the history of science.
The most famous description of mining technology in the 16th century is the book De Re Metallica by Georgius Agricola — [ ] , which was published posthumously in Expert knowledge about land thus emerged in very pragmatic ways, as this knowledge was required for the exploration of valuable minerals.
Geology only emerged as a scientific discipline in the early 19th century, and it had a significance which went far beyond the subject itself. The controversy between Neptunists and Plutonists was also a debate about worldviews: Additionally, geological studies allowed for an enormous expansion of the assumed timespan of human history. Soil science, the study of the top layer of the earth, developed as a science over a century later, and — just like geology — it was characterized by a high degree of internationalization. This is reflected in the fact that an international scientific association for soil science was founded before a corresponding German association, and the former provided the impetus for the founding of the latter.
The Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft came into existence two years later as one of more than a dozen national sections.
- The Farmer as the Ego of the Land.
- Spurlos verschwunden (German Edition);
- Diet: The Novel;
- Land of Ego | Palko!Muski.
Geology and soil science were primarily descriptive, classificatory disciplines which did not fundamentally depend on causal models. For this reason, the fact that the theory of continental drift, which is central to the contemporary understanding of geological events, did not become generally accepted knowledge until the 20th century did not pose fundamental problems for scientific work in this area before It is necessary in this context to point out that earthquakes are of course part of the history of land, because the European perspective tends to under-appreciate this fact.
It is a paradox of environmental history that the earthquake of San Francisco of entered the collective memory of the United States , while the memory of the earthquake of Messina two years earlier, which claimed a far greater number of casualties, remained confined to the region.
Among the characteristics of land, fertility has always been of particular importance. Up to the present, the capacity to produce and sustain plants is not understood in all aspects because it involves a complex collaboration of chemical, physical and biological processes. To start with, the chemical basis of soil fertility became the object of scientific research, with the Germans Carl Sprengel — and Justus von Liebig — [ ] playing a key role which gained international recognition.
The agricultural chemistry which they established provided the scientific basis for the use of fertilizers, which has boomed since the midth century. Research into the physical conditions required for fertility proceeded more slowly. They were not studied intensively until the disciplines of soil physics and colloid chemistry emerged in the 20th century.
Land of Ego
However, researching the biological — and in particular the microbiological — bases of soil fertility proved most problematic because the variety of bacteria species involved is bewildering. Soil is often described as "a rainforest in miniature" because a spoonful of fertile soil is comparable to the Amazon Basin from the perspective of the variety of species.
In any event, scientific understanding was sufficient to improve the fertility of soil in a targeted way. Together with the systematic development of seed and better plant protection, the invention of artificial fertilizers played a central role in the exceptional increase in crop yields which has made hunger a distant memory in Europe.
Land of Ego – Palko!Muski
These improvements in soil fertility made the dystopias of Thomas Robert Malthus — obsolete in the European context, though they came at a price: Soil erosion, the contamination of ground water and surface water with unused nutrients, and the dependence of agricultural production on external resources are among the palpable consequences, and there is much evidence that these side effects of chemical-intensive agricultural production will become increasingly serious during the 21st century.
This leads us to the last chapter of this brief outline of the topic. The history of land in the modern period is also the history of the underestimation of the importance of land as the basis of life. It would indeed be incorrect to categorize all pre-modern agricultural methods as sustainable. For example, the practice of gathering foliage and brushwood in woodlands to use as fodder for livestock had a very detrimental effect on the humus balance of woodland soils, and was one of the most destructive of all the pre-modern forms of woodland use. However, the path to the industrialized agricultural production of the present has been shaped by a simplified concept of fertile soil, which — taken to its extreme — reduces fertile soil to a means of storing plant nutrients in a production process which leads from the chemical factory to the supermarket.
The enormous and technologically avoidable reductions in soil fertility which were a feature of agricultural production in the 20th century are a result of this narrow view. While farmers remained conscious to some degree of the need to maintain soil fertility, the urban population often lacked all understanding of this issue.
Capabilities
Clean air and water were the central priorities of the pan-European hygiene movement, while concern for the health of soils was restricted to gardeners and specialists from the parks authority. Only the theory of miasmas, going back to Hippocrates of Kos ca. However, this interest disappeared completely after the theory had been disproved and bacteriology came to dominate medicine in the late 19th century. Right up to the present, there has been very little interest among the urbanized societies of the West in soil erosion and similar topics.
Consequently, a feature of the history of land in the modern period is the increasing covering-up of land with buildings, roads and other infrastructure. This development began in the 19th century as towns and cities expanded beyond their original walls which were then often destroyed and an increasing number of roads and railways crisscrossed the countryside. From onward, this development entered a new stage with the proliferation of automobiles and suburbanization, which transformed the landscapes of Europe.
Indeed, it seems symbolic of the Europeans' attitude towards soil fertility that they congregate each summer on sandy beaches, which are almost entirely unsuitable for growing plants. None of the processes described was exclusive to Europe. Suburbanization and road-building, the intensification of land use, and the excavation of mineral resources are truly global processes.
The concept of landownership which developed in Europe has become the norm worldwide. After the experience of bloody wars, the borders of nation-states are now universally accepted and are only rarely called into question, such as in Great Britain and the Spanish Basque Country.
Throughout the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, border changes have almost exclusively occurred as a result of the disintegration of states: In view of these considerations, is it possible to discern a specifically European trend in the history of land? It is not possible to discern a unique trend in relation to the most important factor in the interaction between humans and land, i. Most European countries fall somewhere between very densely populated regions such as Japan , Korea and the coastal regions of China , and the comparatively deserted regions of Australia , Canada and Argentina.
In my view, it is nonetheless possible to identify five reasons why the history of land in Europe has perhaps been somewhat less dramatic than in the rest of the world. In , Ego-Wrappin' performed the theme songs for the drama Reverse Edge: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved June 4, Hip Land Music Corp. Archived from the original on March 3, Archived from the original on February 6, Archived from the original on December 13, Retrieved February 24, When the amygdala is stimulated, it calls for stress hormones to be released to help us either defend ourselves or run from danger.
The body just knows that we need to defend ourselves.
- Cultural Political Economy (RIPE Series in Global Political Economy);
- You Are Now Leaving “Ego Land” | VictorSchueller.com.
- Agram (German Edition).
More accurately, it knows we need to prevent the loss of something, and we need to work hard to avoid losing it. We could fear losing our life; we could fear losing power; we could fear losing control; we could fear losing a positive relationship with someone.
We could fear losing money or a job; we could fear losing the status quo. Whatever it is that we fear losing, we work very hard to keep it, but that only amplifies our defense response. The end result of letting fear hijack our mind is that we become self centered and less concerned or aware of the well being of others. They remain rooted in fear and scarcity, so worried about losing something.