Neo-Medievalism and Civil Wars

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The Syrian civil war is another strategic chessboard for global and regional players as well as sub-national paramilitary and terrorist groups. There is also the erosion of sovereignty in Libya and its vicinity in North Africa as well as the destabilizing impact of the ongoing chaos and humanitarian tragedy in Yemen. This neo-medieval regional order characterized by multiple claims of national sovereignty, civil wars, ethnic-sectarian radicalization and weakening national and regional actors constitutes a perfect ground for global players striving to conjure up new micro-states as controllable entities.

The latest independence referendum in northern Iraq by the Kurdistan Regional Government KRG is a perfect illustration of abusing national sentiments to trigger a potentially destructive Pandora's box based on ethnic politics.

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The horrendous experiences of Kurdish communities at the hands of authoritarian leaders in the Halabja massacre and similar tragedies are still vivid in living memory. Therefore, stimulating counter-productive nationalisms will only play into the hands of global powers trying to control a volatile and conflictual region.

Even going back further, one can remember the Treaty of Sevres and how global powers tried to incite Kurds and Armenians against Turkey by promising them around half of Anatolia. Then, as now, the issue was not providing self-determination to deprived nations, but using unfulfilled claims to nationalism in the service of the regional geo-political ordering. It looks like such intense manipulation of several communities, sub-national entities and paramilitary groups in the Middle East will continue for some time until the configuration of a new regional order.

Neo-medievalism

Coming back to the issue of shifting alliance systems, this neo-medievalism in regional geo-politics enforces these alliances and unlikely groupings in several areas in the Middle East. For instance, Ankara, Tehran and Baghdad are forging a strong alliance against a potential move from the KRG for independence in view of their common national interests while the differences of opinion among the three countries continue on a range of issues, including the future of Syria and the fight against PKK terrorism.

Likewise, Turkey and Russia experienced a deep strategic rapprochement illustrated by Ankara's purchase of S ballistic missile systems despite reactions from NATO members, collaboration in nuclear energy projects and natural gas pipelines. Arend argues that the emergence of a "neo-medieval" system would have profound implications for the creation and operation of international law.


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Although Bull originally envisioned neomedievalism as a positive trend, it has its critics. Bruce Holsinger in Neomedievalism, Neoconservatism, and the War on Terror argues that neoconservatives "have exploited neomedievalism's conceptual slipperiness for their own tactical ends. Cerny in "Neomedievalism Civil War and the New Security Dilemma" also sees neomedievalism as a negative development and claims that the forces of globalization increasingly undermine nation-states and interstate forms of governance "by cross-cutting linkages among different economic sectors and social bonds," [10] calling globalization a "durable disorder" which eventually leads to the emergence of the new security dilemmas that had analogies in the Middle Ages.

Cerny identifies six characteristics of a neomedieval world that contribute to this disorder: Chesterton, and Slavophils and Distributists and Pre-Raphaelites and other nostalgic romantics; for he believed, as Tolstoy also did, in the exact opposite: Then, in , Umberto Eco said "we are at present witnessing, both in Europe and America, a period of renewed interest in the Middle Ages, with a curious oscillation between fantastic neomedievalism and responsible philological examination".

The widespread interest in medieval themes in popular culture , especially computer games such as MMORPGs , films and television , neo-medieval music , and popular literature , has been called neomedieval. Critics have discussed why medieval themes continue to fascinate audiences in a modern, heavily technological world. A possible explanation is the need for a romanticized historical narrative to clarify the confusing panorama of current political and cultural events.

Academics have paid increasing attention to neomedievalism, in what some see as a burgeoning field of study. Important works include Carol L.

Neomedievalism, Civil War and the New Security Dilemma

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Neo-medievalism or neomedievalism , new medievalism is a term with a long history [1] that has acquired specific technical senses in two branches of scholarship: Political theory about modern international relations , where the term is originally associated with Hedley Bull.

It sees the political order of a globalized world as analogous to high-medieval Europe, where neither states nor the Church, nor other territorial powers, exercised full sovereignty, but instead participated in complex, overlapping and incomplete sovereignties. The use of neomedieval in this sense was popularized by the Italian medievalist Umberto Eco in his essay "Dreaming of the Middle Ages".

Oxford University Press, June Neomedievalism and the Postmodern Digital World Economy".


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Harcourt Brace, , pp. Prickly Paradigm Press, Archived from the original on Medievalism and Identity in Skyrim. Palgrave, , pp. Palgrave, , p. University of Chicago Press Books.