Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves, or information about A person may also disclose personal information as part of being an executive for a . than private life, or, in other words, the right of every man to keep his affairs to Anonymity is the "desire of individuals for times of ' public privacy.
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- 12 Key Strategies to Achieving a Work-Life Balance
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12 Key Strategies to Achieving a Work-Life Balance
Know who you share your information with. Store and dispose of your personal information securely. Make sure you know who is getting your personal or financial information. Instead, type the company name into your web browser, go to their site, and contact them through customer service. Or, call the customer service number listed on your account statement.
Ask whether the company really sent a request. Before you dispose of a computer , get rid of all the personal information it stores. Use a wipe utility program to overwrite the entire hard drive. Remove the memory or subscriber identity module SIM card from a mobile device. Remove the phone book, lists of calls made and received, voicemails, messages sent and received, organizer folders, web search history, and photos. Keep your browser secure. To guard your online transactions, use encryption software that scrambles information you send over the internet.
Look for the lock before you send personal or financial information online. Use strong passwords with your laptop, credit, bank, and other accounts. Substitute numbers for some words or letters. Consider limiting access to your networking page to a small group of people. Never post your full name, Social Security number, address, phone number, or account numbers in publicly accessible sites.
What do I need to Start doing? Take your list of priorities and turn them into concrete and measurable goals. Block time into your schedule for activities just like you would for an important meeting or a doctor's appointment. Successful people plan their work and then work their plan. You have one life, so have one date planner. Whether paper or electronic, this is the vehicle by which you turn your priorities and goals into reality.
Set aside 10 to 20 minutes at the beginning of each day or the night before to plan your tasks and activities for the day and evening ahead. Set fair and realistic limits on what you will and will not do both at work and at home.
12 Key Strategies to Achieving a Work-Life Balance | IndustryWeek
Clearly communicate these boundaries to your supervisor, coworkers, partner and family. For instance, you might commit to not working late on certain days unless there is a crisis. Additionally, set aside a time at home during which you will not check or respond to work-related emails or voice mails. Your health should always be your No. If you are not in good shape physically, mentally, and emotionally, both your work life and your personal life will suffer.
Take care of yourself by eating healthy meals especially breakfast , exercise at least three times per week and sleep a minimum of seven hours per night. While you may not think you have time to add exercise and extra sleep to your jam-packed schedule, these practices relieve stress, raise your energy level, increase your stamina, improve your mental clarity, boost your immune system, and make you a happier, more engaged, and more productive person. Additionally, refrain from the excessive use of alcohol, tobacco, or drugs to relieve stress.
These substances only tend to keep the body in a stressed state and cause even more problems. Relationships with family, friends, and loved ones are, by far, the greatest source of inner satisfaction. If your job or career is damaging your personal relationships, both areas will ultimately suffer. Sure there will be days when you will need to work overtime.
The issue becomes problematic when these days become the rule, not the exception. By making your personal relationships a priority, your productivity and effectiveness on the job will actually increase.
As much as work, health, and relationships take priority in your life, it is also important to schedule time for your own renewal. Indulge in some small pleasure daily. Take at least 30 minutes of uninterrupted "you time. Connect with your spiritual source. Belief in God, or a higher power, can be a deep well from which to draw inspiration, guidance, and strength.
Hyman Gross suggested that, without privacy—solitude, anonymity, and temporary releases from social roles—individuals would be unable to freely express themselves and to engage in self-discovery and self-criticism. In a way analogous to how the personhood theory imagines privacy as some essential part of being an individual, the intimacy theory imagines privacy to be an essential part of the way that humans have strengthened or intimate relationships with other humans.
James Rachels advanced this notion by writing that privacy matters because "there is a close connection between our ability to control who has access to us and to information about us, and our ability to create and maintain different sorts of social relationships with different people. Privacy can mean different things in different contexts; different people, cultures, and nations have different expectations about how much privacy a person is entitled to or what constitutes an invasion of privacy.
Most people have a strong sense of privacy in relation to the exposure of their body to others. This is an aspect of personal modesty. A person will go to extreme lengths to protect this personal modesty, the main way being the wearing of clothes.
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Other ways include erection of walls , fences , screens, use of cathedral glass , partitions, by maintaining a distance, beside other ways. People who go to those lengths expect that their privacy will be respected by others. At the same time, people are prepared to expose themselves in acts of physical intimacy , but these are confined to exposure in circumstances and of persons of their choosing.
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Even a discussion of those circumstances is regarded as intrusive and typically unwelcome. Physical privacy could be defined as preventing "intrusions into one's physical space or solitude. An example of the legal basis for the right to physical privacy is the U. Fourth Amendment , which guarantees "the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures". There may also be concerns about safety, if for example one is wary of becoming the victim of crime or stalking. Information or data privacy refers to the evolving relationship between technology and the legal right to, or public expectation of, privacy in the collection and sharing of data about one's self.
Privacy concerns exist wherever uniquely identifiable data relating to a person or persons are collected and stored, in digital form or otherwise. In some cases these concerns refer to how data are collected, stored, and associated. In other cases the issue is who is given access to information. Various types of personal information are often associated with privacy concerns. Information plays an important role in the decision-action process, which can lead to problems in terms of privacy and availability. First, it allows people to see all the options and alternatives available.
Secondly, it allows people to choose which of the options would be best for a certain situation. An information landscape consists of the information, its location in the so-called network, as well as its availability, awareness, and usability. Yet the set-up of the information landscape means that information that is available in one place may not be available somewhere else. This can lead to a privacy situation that leads to questions regarding which people have the power to access and use certain information, who should have that power, and what provisions govern it.
For various reasons, individuals may object to personal information such as their religion, sexual orientation, political affiliations, or personal activities being revealed, perhaps to avoid discrimination , personal embarrassment, or damage to their professional reputations. Financial privacy , in which information about a person's financial transactions is guarded, is important for the avoidance of fraud including identity theft.
Information about a person's purchases, for instance, can reveal a great deal about their preferences, places they have visited, their contacts, products such as medications they use, their activities and habits, etc. In addition to this, financial privacy also includes privacy over the bank accounts opened by individuals. Information about the bank where the individual has an account with, and whether or not this is in a country that does not share this information with other countries can help countries in fighting tax avoidance.
Internet privacy is the ability to determine what information one reveals or withholds about oneself over the Internet, who has access to such information, and for what purposes one's information may or may not be used.
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For example, web users may be concerned to discover that many of the web sites which they visit collect, store, and possibly share personally identifiable information about them. Similarly, Internet email users generally consider their emails to be private and hence would be concerned if their email was being accessed, read, stored or forwarded by third parties without their consent.
Tools used to protect privacy on the Internet include encryption tools and anonymizing services like I2P and Tor. Medical information could also reveal other aspects of one's personal life, such as sexual preferences or proclivity. A right to sexual privacy enables individuals to acquire and use contraceptives without family, community or legal sanctions. Political privacy has been a concern since voting systems emerged in ancient times.
The secret ballot helps to ensure that voters cannot be coerced into voting in certain ways, since they can allocate their vote as they wish in the privacy and security of the voting booth while maintaining the anonymity of the vote. Secret ballots are nearly universal in modern democracy , and considered a basic right of citizenship , despite the difficulties that they cause for example the inability to trace votes back to the corresponding voters increases the risk of someone stuffing additional fraudulent votes into the system: Corporate privacy refers to the privacy rights of corporate actors like senior executives of large, publicly traded corporations.
Desires for corporate privacy can frequently raise issues with obligations for public disclosures under securities and corporate law. Organizations may seek legal protection for their secrets. For example, a government administration may be able to invoke executive privilege [32] or declare certain information to be classified , or a corporation might attempt to protect valuable proprietary information as trade secrets.
The earliest legislative development of privacy rights began under British common law , which protected "only the physical interference of life and property. Privacy has historical roots in philosophical discussions, the most well-known being Aristotle's distinction between two spheres of life: As technology has advanced, the way in which privacy is protected and violated has changed with it.
In the case of some technologies, such as the printing press or the Internet , the increased ability to share information can lead to new ways in which privacy can be breached. It is generally agreed that the first publication advocating privacy in the United States was the article by Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis , " The Right to Privacy ", 4 Harvard Law Review , that was written largely in response to the increase in newspapers and photographs made possible by printing technologies.
New technologies can also create new ways to gather private information. For example, in the United States it was thought that heat sensors intended to be used to find marijuana-growing operations would be acceptable. However, in in Kyllo v. United States U. Generally the increased ability to gather and send information has had negative implications for retaining privacy. As large-scale information systems become more common, there is so much information stored in many databases worldwide that an individual has no practical means of knowing of or controlling all of the information about themselves that others may have hold or access.
The concept of information privacy has become more significant as more systems controlling more information appear. Also the consequences of privacy violations can be more severe. Privacy law in many countries has had to adapt to changes in technology in order to address these issues and, to some extent, maintain privacy rights.
But the existing global privacy rights framework has also been criticized as incoherent and inefficient. Proposals such as the APEC Privacy Framework have emerged which set out to provide the first comprehensive legal framework on the issue of global data privacy. There are various theories about privacy and privacy control. The Invasion Paradigm defines privacy violation as the hostile actions of a wrongdoer who causes direct harm to an individual.
This is a reactive view of privacy protection as it waits until there is a violation before acting to protect the violated individual, sometimes through criminal punishments for those who invaded the privacy of others. In the Invasion Paradigm this threat of criminal punishment that is supposed to work as deterrent.
The Negative Freedom Paradigm views privacy as freedom from invasion rather than a right, going against the more popular view of a "right to privacy. Daniel Solove, a law professor at George Washington University also has a theory of privacy. He believes that a conceptualized view of privacy will not work because there is no one core element. There are many different, interconnected elements involved in privacy and privacy protection. Therefore, Solove proposes looking at these issues from the bottom up, focusing on privacy problems.
People may often overlook the fact that certain elements of privacy problems are due to the structure of privacy itself. Therefore, the architecture must change wherein people must learn to view privacy as a social and legal structure. He also states that people have to redefine the relationship between privacy and businesses and the government. Participation in certain privacy elements of the government and businesses should allow people to choose whether they want to be a part of certain aspects of their work that could be considered privacy invasion.
The Internet has brought new concerns about privacy in an age where computers can permanently store records of everything: This currently has an effect on employment. Microsoft reports that 75 percent of U. They also report that 70 percent of U. This has created a need by many to control various online privacy settings in addition to controlling their online reputations, both of which have led to legal suits against various sites and employers.
The ability to do online inquiries about individuals has expanded dramatically over the last decade. Facebook for example, as of August , was the largest social-networking site, with nearly 1, million members, who upload over 4. Twitter has more than million registered users and over 20 million are fake users.
The Library of Congress recently announced that it will be acquiring—and permanently storing—the entire archive of public Twitter posts since , reports Rosen. Importantly, directly observed behaviour, such as browsing logs, search queries, or contents of the Facebook profile can be automatically processed to infer secondary information about an individual, such as sexual orientation, political and religious views, race, substance use, intelligence, and personality.
According to some experts, many commonly used communication devices may be mapping every move of their users. Senator Al Franken has noted the seriousness of iPhones and iPads having the ability to record and store users' locations in unencrypted files, [41] although Apple denied doing so. Andrew Grove , co-founder and former CEO of Intel Corporation , offered his thoughts on internet privacy in an interview published in May Privacy is one of the biggest problems in this new electronic age.
At the heart of the Internet culture is a force that wants to find out everything about you. And once it has found out everything about you and two hundred million others, that's a very valuable asset, and people will be tempted to trade and do commerce with that asset. This wasn't the information that people were thinking of when they called this the information age.
As with other concepts about privacy, there are various ways to discuss what kinds of processes or actions remove, challenge, lessen, or attack privacy. In legal scholar William Prosser created the following list of activities which can be remedied with privacy protection: Building from this and other historical precedents, Daniel J. Solove presented another classification of actions which are harmful to privacy, including collection of information which is already somewhat public, processing of information, sharing information, and invading personal space to get private information.
In the context of harming privacy, information collection means gathering whatever information can be obtained by doing something to obtain it. It can happen that privacy is not harmed when information is available, but that the harm can come when that information is collected as a set then processed in a way that the collective reporting of pieces of information encroaches on privacy.
Information dissemination is an attack on privacy when information which was shared in confidence is shared or threatened to be shared in a way that harms the subject of the information. There are various examples of this. Invasion of privacy is a different concept from the collecting, aggregating, and disseminating information because those three are a misuse of available data, whereas invasion is an attack on the right of individuals to keep personal secrets. An intrusion is any unwanted entry into a person's private personal space and solitude for any reason, regardless of whether data is taken during that breach of space.
Privacy uses the theory of natural rights, and generally responds to new information and communication technologies. In North America, Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. This citation was a response to recent technological developments, such as photography, and sensationalist journalism, also known as yellow journalism. Privacy rights are inherently intertwined with information technology.
In his widely cited dissenting opinion in Olmstead v. United States , Brandeis relied on thoughts he developed in his Harvard Law Review article in But in his dissent, he now changed the focus whereby he urged making personal privacy matters more relevant to constitutional law , going so far as saying "the government [was] identified By the time of Katz, in , telephones had become personal devices with lines not shared across homes and switching was electro-mechanical.
In the s, new computing and recording technologies began to raise concerns about privacy, resulting in the Fair Information Practice Principles. In recent years there have been only few attempts to clearly and precisely define a "right to privacy. By their reasoning, existing laws relating to privacy in general should be sufficient. The right to privacy is our right to keep a domain around us, which includes all those things that are part of us, such as our body, home, property, thoughts, feelings, secrets and identity.
The right to privacy gives us the ability to choose which parts in this domain can be accessed by others, and to control the extent, manner and timing of the use of those parts we choose to disclose. Alan Westin believes that new technologies alter the balance between privacy and disclosure, and that privacy rights may limit government surveillance to protect democratic processes.
Westin defines privacy as "the claim of individuals, groups, or institutions to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent information about them is communicated to others". Westin describes four states of privacy: These states must balance participation against norms:. Each individual is continually engaged in a personal adjustment process in which he balances the desire for privacy with the desire for disclosure and communication of himself to others, in light of the environmental conditions and social norms set by the society in which he lives.
Under liberal democratic systems, privacy creates a space separate from political life, and allows personal autonomy, while ensuring democratic freedoms of association and expression.