The Portrait Came With Numbers

Frohsin's number series came about as the result of an invitation. Asked to prepare for a “Portrait Show” at Fort Mason, Frohsin balked at.
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In many portraits, such as "Portrait of Mrs. Edith Mahon", Eakins boldly conveys the unflattering emotions of sorrow and melancholy.

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The Realists mostly gave way to the Impressionists by the s. Partly due to their meager incomes, many of the Impressionists relied on family and friends to model for them, and they painted intimate groups and single figures in either outdoors or in light-filled interiors. Noted for their shimmering surfaces and rich dabs of paint, Impressionist portraits are often disarmingly intimate and appealing.

French painters Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir created some of the most popular images of individual sitters and groups. American artist Mary Cassatt , who trained and worked in France, is popular even today for her engaging paintings of mothers and children, as is Renoir.

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They are equally, if not more so, celebrated for their powerful self-portraits. John Singer Sargent also spanned the change of century, but he rejected overt Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. He was the most successful portrait painter of his era, using a mostly realistic technique often effused with the brilliant use of color. He was equally apt at individual and group portraits, particularly of upper-class families. Sargent was born in Florence, Italy to American parents. He studied in Italy and Germany, and in Paris.

Sargent is considered to be the last major exponent of the British portrait tradition beginning with van Dyck. American society painter Cecilia Beaux , called the "female Sargent", was born of a French father, studied abroad and gained success back home, sticking with traditional methods. Another portraitist compared to Sargent for his lush technique was Italian-born Parisian artist Giovanni Boldini , a friend of Degas and Whistler.

Whistler used a subdued palette to create his intended effects, stressing color balance and soft tones. As he stated, "as music is the poetry of sound, so is painting the poetry of sight, and the subject-matter has nothing to do with the harmony of sound or of color. The development of photography in the 19th century had a significant effect on portraiture, supplanting the earlier camera obscura which had also been previously used as an aid in painting. Many modernists flocked to the photography studios to have their portraits made, including Baudelaire who, though he proclaimed photography an "enemy of art", found himself attracted to photography's frankness and power.

Some realist artists, such as Thomas Eakins and Edgar Degas , were enthusiastic about camera photography and found it to be a useful aid to composition. From the Impressionists forward, portrait painters found a myriad number of ways to reinterpret the portrait to compete effectively with photography. Other early 20th-century artists also expanded the repertoire of portraiture in new directions.


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Fauvist artist Henri Matisse produced powerful portraits using non-naturalistic, even garish, colors for skin tones. His pupil Oskar Kokoschka was an important portraitist of the Viennese upper class. Prolific Spanish artist Pablo Picasso painted many portraits, including several cubist renderings of his mistresses, in which the likeness of the subject is grossly distorted to achieve an emotional statement well beyond the bounds of normal caricature.

Expressionist painters provided some of the most haunting and compelling psychological studies ever produced. German artists such as Otto Dix and Max Beckmann produced notable examples of expressionist portraiture. Beckmann was a prolific self-portraitist, producing at least twenty-seven.

To help achieve this, he de-emphasized the normally expressive eyes and eyebrows to the point of blackened slits and simple arches. British art was represented by the Vorticists , who painted some notable portraits in the early part of the 20th century. The Dada painter Francis Picabia executed numerous portraits in his unique fashion.

Additionally, Tamara de Lempicka 's portraits successfully captured the Art Deco era with her streamlined curves, rich colors and sharp angles. In America, Robert Henri and George Bellows were fine portraitists of the s and s of the American realist school. Max Ernst produced an example of a modern collegial portrait with his painting "All Friends Together". A significant contribution to the development of portrait painting of was made by Russian artists, mainly working in the traditions of realist and figurative painting.

Portrait production in Europe excluding Russia and the Americas generally declined in the s and s, a result of the increasing interest in abstraction and nonfigurative art. One exception, however, was Andrew Wyeth who developed into the leading American realist portrait painter. With Wyeth, realism, though overt, is secondary to the tonal qualities and mood of his paintings. This is aptly demonstrated with his landmark series of paintings known as the "Helga" pictures, the largest group of portraits of a single person by any major artist studies of his neighbor Helga Testorf, clothed and nude, in varying surroundings, painted during the period — By the s and s, there was a revival of portraiture.

Bacon's portraits are notable for their nightmarish quality. Many contemporary American artists, such as Andy Warhol , Alex Katz and Chuck Close , have made the human face a focal point of their work.

Warhol was one of the most prolific portrait painters in the 20th-century. Warhol's painting Orange Shot Marilyn of Marilyn Monroe is an iconic early example off his work from the s, and Orange Prince of the pop singer Prince is later example, both exhibiting Warhol's unique graphic style of portraiture. Close's specialty was huge, hyper-realistic wall-sized "head" portraits based on photographic images. Jamie Wyeth continues in the realist tradition of his father Andrew, producing famous portraits whose subjects range from Presidents to pigs.

Young girl with cherries by Ambrogio de Predis ca. Rembrandt van Rijn , Portrait of Jan Six , Thomas Kerrich , by Pompeo Batoni. John Singleton Copley , Paul Revere , Gustave Courbet , Portrait of Charles Baudelaire , The Artist's Mother popularly known as Whistler's Mother. Mary Cassatt , Portrait of Madame Sisley John Peter Russell , Vincent van Gogh , Ilya Repin , Portrait of Leo Tolstoy , Vincent van Gogh , Portrait of Doctor Gachet , first version , Umberto Boccioni , Self-portrait , Juan Gris , Portrait of Pablo Picasso , Jean Metzinger , Femme au miroir , detail.

Amedeo Modigliani , Portrait of Chaim Soutine , Boris Grigoriev , Portrait of Vsevolod Meyerhold , Boris Kustodiev , Kapitsa and Semyonov , From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. See Portrait for more about the general topic of portraits. Three Beauties of the Present Day by Utamaro , Karel Balcar , bunny Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain. Mona Lisa — Heidelberger find clarifies identity " in German. Archived from the original on The New York Times.


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Retrieved 26 August The Museum of Modern Art. Laarmann, Families in beeld: De ontwikkeling van het Noord-Nederlandse familieportret in de eerste helft van de zeventiende eeuw. Retrieved from " https: Portrait art Painting Art genres Portraits Self-portraits. CS1 German-language sources de All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from May Views Read Edit View history.

Portrait miniature

In other projects Wikimedia Commons. This page was last edited on 14 September , at By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. When developing the number paintings Frohsin generally has an association or personal connection in mind. For example, she thinks of 21 as being "somehow black and white perfect: It gives me comfort. Other numbers, 27 for example, started out free of associations, but took on meanings over time.

Then I went to Wikipedia: I never knew about the 27 club -- which is made up of popular musicians including Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin and Kurt Cobain, who all died at age 27 -- it changed the course of the piece. It all turned white I whited out everything and left floral veins of blue Something similar happened when Frohsin took on the number Then the palette made me think of water and the 0 is like a porthole: Then, if you look up meanings of the number 80 your will find it is a feminine number.

Kim Frohsin, "27 Club," Acrylic and mixed media on archival mat board, 22 x 22 inches.

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Whether a number begins with a "personal encrypted reason," as 21 did, or takes on associations later as 27 did, the random mix of ideas and poetry gives her the fuel to bring the work to its physical realization. His work excelled in refinement, power and delicacy; its silky texture and elaborate finish, and the artists love for a brown background, distinguish it.

Other notable painters were Richard Crosse — , Ozias Humphry — , Samuel Shelley c— , whose best pictures are groups of two or more persons, Henry Edridge — , John Bogle , and Edward Dayes. Sir Thomas Lawrence painted a few miniatures, and Henry Raeburn some in his early days; but the art may be said to have died out with Sir William Ross , although some works by Sir Edwin Henry Landseer in this form are in existence, some small paintings of flowers by George Lance , and one portrait by Dante Gabriel Rossetti.

Towards the end of the 19th century came a revival of miniature painting, but without producing any masters of the same calibre.

Although the popularity of small portraiture began to decline in the 20th century, some artists continued to accept commissions, among them Eda Nemoede Casterton , who was selected to show her work in the prestigious Paris Salon. Nemoede Casterton used thin sheets of ivory rather than canvas for her paintings, a common practice among miniature portraitists. Setting himself up as a miniature painter, he acquired an extensive and fashionable practice, patronized, says John O'Keeffe in his "Recollections," by ladies of the first rank, and making "a power of money by his pencil.

He contributed miniatures to the Society of Artists in Dublin from to Shortly before his death he moved to Cork Hill, Dublin, and there died on 16 December , aged He was buried on 18 December at St. The tiny pictures painted by the Blarenberghe family are by many persons grouped as miniatures, and some of the later French artists, as Pierre-Paul Prud'hon and Constance Mayer , executed miniature portraits. Their portraits of Napoleon and his court are exceedingly fine, and perhaps no other Frenchman painted miniatures so well as did Augustin. The Spanish painter Francisco Goya is known to have executed a few miniatures.


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The English style of portrait miniatures was also exported to the American colonies; among the earliest recorded American miniaturists is Mary Roberts died , the first American woman to work in the form. Around , the United States experienced a revival of miniature portraiture, marked by the foundation of the American Society of Miniature Painters. Miniatures are painted in oil, watercolour and enamel, but chiefly in watercolour. Many Dutch and German miniatures were painted in oil, and as a rule these are on copper; and there are portraits in the same medium, and often on the same material, attributed to many of the great Italian artists, notably those of the Bologna school.

Samuel Cooper is said to have executed a few paintings in oil on copper. From about onwards many fine miniatures were executed in vitreous enamel. His son succeeded him in the same profession. Many of these artists were either Frenchmen or Swiss, but most of them visited England and worked there for a while. The greatest English enamel portrait painter was Henry Bone — A great collection of his small enamel reproductions of celebrated paintings is in the British Royal Collection. During the 18th century, watercolour on ivory became the standard medium.

The use of ivory was first adopted in around , during the latter part of the reign of William III ; miniatures prior to that time having been painted on vellum, chicken-skin or cardboard, by Hilliard and others on the backs of playing cards , and also on very thin vellum closely mounted on to playing cards. A number of museums display miniature original oil paintings including the Museum of Arts in Boston and the Astolat Dollhouse Castle when it is on public display.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For manuscript illustrators, see Miniature illuminated manuscript. The history of gambling in England. A history of miniature art: