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The disorder has high morbidity and mortality: Psychotherapeutic treatments for borderline personality disorder typically show partial efficacy, and while patients may respond to medications in a circumscribed and often transient manner, there are currently no pharmacologic treatments for borderline personality disorder approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Patients are, therefore, left without the benefit of reliable and effective therapies. Furthermore, pharmacotherapeutic and neurobiological research that might inform treatment in borderline personality disorder has made less progress than one would hope, especially considering the seriousness and pervasiveness of the disorder.

The article in the current issue by Prossin and colleagues 3 holds promise for helping to move the field forward. They present evidence that patients with borderline personality disorder suffer from a definitive abnormality in opioid activity. While there has been a great deal of interest in the opioid system in borderline personality disorder 4 , until this study, the role of opioids in borderline personality disorder was largely theoretical with little empirical support. The participants were female patients with borderline personality disorder and matched healthy comparison subjects.

The results also seems to suggest that enhancement of endogenous opioid availability during sad mood is greater in patients with borderlinepersonality disorder than in healthy subjects, which might reflect a compensatory response and is consistent with lower levels of endogenous opioids in self-injurers 5.

Opioid-Deficit Model How might abnormal opioid activity help to explain the symptoms and etiology of borderline personality disorder? For decades, researchers have theorized that at least one behavior common in borderline personality disorder—self-cutting—relates to abnormalities in opioid activity. It has long been noted that patients with borderline personality disorder report that they engage in self-cutting not as a suicidal act but, rather, as a means to relieve psychic pain.

Many patients report that they do not feel physical pain at the moment when they cut themselves; instead, cutting engenders feelings of relief or well-being. One view of cutting in borderline personality disorder is that it represents a method of endogenous opioid generation. In this view, patients learn to cut themselves, thereby releasing opioids, which reward their behavior.

This, coupled with evidence that patients with borderline personality disorder who do not cut themselves are less symptomatic than those who do, led to efforts to treat borderline personality disorder with opiate antagonists by eliminating the positive feedback from cutting. While we know of no large-scale randomized, controlled trial, pilot studies on the efficacy of opiate antagonists showed mixed results reviewed in reference 4 and overall showed that while opiate antagonists may slightly decrease cutting behavior, they do not improve the intrapsychic distress that leads to the cutting 6.

This lack of diminished distress is consistent with the model of opioid deficiency. Thus, a promising way of construing cutting behavior in borderline personality disorder is to consider that these patients may have a preexisting deficit in endogenous opioids. According to this view, patients are self-medicating by cutting themselves, attempting to attenuate severe intrapsychic distress that healthy individuals—without such a deficit—would not be experiencing.

A deficit in opioids is also consistent with the high rate of opiate abuse in borderline personality disorder, as patients may be compensating for a deficit in endogenous opioids. Not only is there is a high rate of opiate abuse in borderline personality disorder, but there is also a high rate of borderline personality disorder among patients seeking substance abuse treatment; for instance, Clinically, it has been noted that individuals with borderline personality disorder who are taking opiates report feeling euthymic rather than euphoric, while withdrawal is associated with sustained dysphoria.

An opioid-deficit theory of borderline personality disorder might explain far more than the self-injurious behavior of these patients. For example, their extraordinary difficulties in social behavior may also be linked to a preexisting deficit in endogenous opioids. The endogenous opioid system not only regulates pain but also has an important role in social behavior. Reductions in its function have been associated with attachment behavior deficits and anxiety-like responses in animal models.

In many species, the soothing and comforting that infants receive from maternal grooming and touching is mediated through the opioid system 8. In human beings, opioids are involved in normal and pathological emotion regulation 9 in addition to their more traditional role in modulating the sensory and affective dimensions of pain In short, there is reason to think that endogenous opioids facilitate normal social function in healthy individuals. If the proposed model is accurate, then a deficit in endogenous opioids might go some way toward explaining not only cutting behavior and substance abuse in borderline personality disorder but also the almost ubiquitous social dysfunction observed inthis condition.

Mood shifts and self-destructive behaviors in borderline personality disorder seem to arise specifically in response to interpersonal triggers Furthermore, the domains of intrapsychic pain and interpersonal dysfunction in borderline personality disorder are closely linked. Clinical Implications The findings of Prossin and colleagues have both broad and specific clinical implications.

This view could provide a heuristic model to help patients and clinicians understand the social disruption in borderline personality disorder. The satisfaction that normally accompanies closeness to other people both in early attachment and throughout life may elude patients with borderline personality disorder.

If these individuals do not have sufficient endogenous opioids, then the continual craving for relationships and heightened reaction to their loss is understandable. Such a model could provide a better understanding and improve management of disappointment in relationships for patients.

It might also destigmatize the disorder; the difficulty in forming a therapeutic alliance, for example, could be reconstrued as the result of an opioid deficit. J Clin Psychiatry ; Treatment histories of borderline inpatients. Compr Psychiatry ; Dysregulation of regional endogenous opioid function in borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry ; Stanley B, Siever LJ: The interpersonal dimension of borderline personality disorder: Non-suicidal self-injurious behavior, endogenous opioids and monoamine neurotransmitters.

J Affect Disord ; Pain sensitivity is reduced in borderline personality disorder, but not in posttraumatic stress disorder and bulimia nervosa. World J Biol Psychiatry ; 11 2, part 2: The prevalence of borderline personality among buprenorphine patients. Int J Psychiatry Med ; Endogenous opioids and social behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev ; 4: Dysregulation of endogenous opioid emotion regulation circuitry in major depression in women.

Arch Gen Psychiatry ; Regional mu opioid receptor regulation of sensory and affective dimensions of pain. Disturbed relationships as a phenotype for borderline personality disorder commentary. Interpersonal precipitants and suicide attempts in borderline personality disorder. Suicide Life Threat Behav ; The agency told Medscape Medical News the risk evaluation and mitigation strategies, known as REMS, are scheduled to be approved in , with roll out and implementation to follow.

Most committee members agreed that safety measures for opioids are urgently needed but voiced concern that the current approach does not go far enough to protect the public. According to some reports, there are more deaths from opioid overdoses than from heroin and cocaine overdoses combined. Herbert Neuman, MD, vice president of medical affairs and chief medical officer at Covidien Pharmaceuticals, says he is eagerly awaiting the new plan. Neuman said during an interview, adding that he looks forward to the clarity a final decision will afford.

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The plan will alter the prescribing landscape for opioid therapies and is expected to have important implications for an estimated 4 million patients. Advisory committee members recommended mandatory training for prescribers. They called on Congress to initiate new legislation to link physician education to the existing Drug Enforcement Administration registration system.

More than 1 million clinicians are currently registered to prescribe opioids. The committee, led by Jeffrey Kirsch, MD, from the Oregon Health and Science University in Portland, argued that the overwhelming public health problem of opioid misuse is in part beyond the regulatory control of the FDA and will require a multidisciplinary approach. Fine points out that in the absence of a well-designed uniform curriculum focused on opioid therapies in medical schools, continuing education is necessary.

The advisory committee called on regulators to add immediate-release drugs to the current plan, which presently includes only extended-release and long-acting formulations. If only schedule II compounds have more stringent requirements, then physicians may opt out by prescribing less-monitored alternatives.

Fine says this is not surprising. Prior studies have yielded conflicting results regarding gender-specific differences in the quality and incidence of pain, as well as the risk factors that predict medication misuse. To further elucidate the relationship between sex and opioid misuse, Dr. Jamison and several colleagues recruited male and female patients with chronic noncancer pain who were treated at pain management centers in five states. At study outset and completion, urine samples from of the patients were tested for both prescribed and nonprescribed substances.

Multiple regression analyses identified significant correlations between specific questionnaire responses and actual opioid misuse, and controlled for possible intervening variables. Jamison and his team found women who misused opioids had significantly higher ratings on five particular SOAPP-R items, indicating they felt overwhelmed, had been engaging in arguments or experiencing hurt, were impatient with their physician, had been sexually abused, and were concerned about how they were judged by others.

GEGEN UNENDLICH. Phantastische Geschichten (Reihe in 14 Bänden)

In contrast, men who misused opioids had significantly higher scores on SOAPP-R items indicating a history of arrest, a bad temper, and having friends with alcohol or drug use problems. Although the findings indicate important gender-specific risk factors for opioid misuse, Dr. Jamison cautioned that because the study population was older, mostly disabled and had a long duration of pain, these results should not be extrapolated to younger, better-functioning patients with recent-onset pain.

Nevertheless, he said, the results should help clinicians discern those patients at highest risk for opioid misuse. Shurman told Pain Medicine News. Researchers say ayahuasca, found in the Peruvian rainforest, could be used for a variety of ailments. New research suggests ayahuasca, a jungle vine found in the Peruvian rainforest, can have a powerful effect on the human central nervous system when brewed with other plants. Ayahuasca is one traditional plant-based medicine that has drawn the attention of investigators. In the South American jungles, it is used in religious ceremonies to induce visions and also as a remedy to cure ills.

At the Onanyan Shobo spiritual retreat center in the rainforest near Iquitos, Peru, shaman Alfredo Kayruna Canayo shows off a section of the twisting, leafy vine. Ayahuasca is known as a master plant, a very powerful remedy that treats the whole person: What is the bad energy? One of them could be the fears, then some wound or injury you have.

Whether the plant is being used for religious or medicinal purposes, ayahuasca is taken only in a ceremonial setting under the direction of an experienced shaman. To turn it into a drink, also called ayahuasca, pieces of the vine are pounded into a pulp and combined with several other plants, then brewed down for eight or more hours into a thick orange liquid. That combination, shaman Alfredo says, is critical. In Shipibo culture, they believe the chacruna is the wife of ayahuasca because they help and work together.

An international research team is investigating the pharmaceutical potential of ayahuasca, known scientifically as Banisteriopsis caapi. His team has done a chemical analysis of the medicinal drink. Pieces of the vine are pounded into a pulp and combined with several other plants, then brewed down for eight or more hours into a thick orange liquid. Ayahuasca is generally a decoction of two plants. The active ingredients in the brew are DMT, a naturally occurring brain chemical similar to serotonin, and a natural antidepressant.

DMT is inactivated in the human gut, but when combined with the antidepressant, it can be absorbed by the body. The potion also has anti-parasitic properties, which can help prevent malaria. Food and Drug Administration classifies the principal active ingredient in ayahuasca as a Schedule 1 controlled substance, which is not considered to have any legitimate medical use.

As a result, the ayahuasca brew is illegal in the United States, and most of the pharmaceutical studies are being conducted in South America. Grob says the studies are important. Retreats like Onanynan Shobo in the Peruvian jungle, have become popular destinations for the medical tourism industry. Because many Shamans claim ayahuasca cures a variety of cancers, tumors, and other diseases, the Peruvian jungle has become a popular destination for the medical tourism industry. Ich beschloss daraufhin, diese therapeutischen Verfahren im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts medizinische Anthropologie genauer zu untersuchen.

Die Aussagen von Schamanen und Heilern erwiesen sich bald als ein schwieriges Hindernis. Sie werden zu dir kommen und zu dir sprechen; das ist der einzige Weg zu lernen. Die Heiler hatten die Wahrheit gesagt: Andererseits gibt es nur wenige Behandlungszentren, die zudem noch in der Hauptstadt konzentriert sind.

In jeder Region sind Methoden entwickelt worden, die auf einer oder mehreren psychotropen Substanzen basieren Kaktus mit Meskalin, Lianen usw. Die Patienten kommen freiwillig. Das derzeitige Ziel der Vereinigung besteht darin, eine Struktur zu schaffen, die 15 Patienten dauerhaft aufnehmen kann. Das aus unseren Erfahrungen entwickelte Behandlungsverfahren verbindet traditionelle Medizin mit modernen psychotherapeutischen Techniken. Es besteht aus zwei Phasen: Das wesentliche Element der Initiationstechniken im oberen Amazonasgebiet ist Ayahuasca.

Nachdem wir ihre Wirkungen in mehr als rituellen Sitzungen an uns seihst erforscht und gelernt haben, mit ihr umzugehen, haben wir diese Zubereitung zum zentralen Punkt unserer Therapie gemacht. Ayahuasca bewegt sich weiter. Nachdem sie ihre Rolle gespielt hat, macht sie ihren Platz frei.

Wie wir uns vergiften: So gefährlich sind Medikamente, Naturheilmittel | Book | eBay

Das Konzept der Substitution ist der Methode, der wir Folgen, also vollkommen fremd. Der Einsatz von Methadon z. Er ist ein Zudecken, eine — vielleicht elegante und in Krankenhausfarben gehaltene — Verkleidung, in Wirklichkeit aber eine barbarische Praxis. Drogensucht driickt eine tiefe Sehnsucht aus, den Sinn der Existenz wiederzufinden.

Es geht ums Geld. Euro und Aesca Pharma 59 Mio. Aesca kommt mit seinen Produkten Subutex und Suboxone zusammen auf 21 Prozent. Zum Teil mit Erfolg. Beide betrafen Suboxone von Aesca. Der Wiener Allgemeinmediziner Horst Schalk, der auch Drogenpatienten betreut, beschreibt das dann so: According to an evidence review from Pain Treatment Topics, opioid antagonists like naloxone and naltrexone — which block opioid drugs from activating their receptors — may be surprisingly helpful for relieving difficult-to-treat pain conditions.

For many types of pain, prescription opioids are among the most effective analgesics. Yet, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting potential benefits of opioid antagonists, particularly naloxone and naltrexone. This is somewhat unexpected because these drugs displace opioid molecules from their neuroreceptors, and block opioids from attaching to and activating those receptors. In a peer-reviewed, evidence-based report for Pain Treatment Topics http: Leavitt, MA, PhD, describes naloxone and naltrexone pharmacology and the theoretical foundations of opioid antagonists for pain management.

The complete report with references can be freely accessed at the Pain-Topics. Naloxone and naltrexone have been extensively studied in the past, and are FDA-approved for the treatment of alcoholism or opioid addiction naltrexone or opioid overdose naloxone. A long-acting form of naltrexone for intramuscular injection also is approved for addiction therapy. These antagonists also are being used or tested as ingredients in specially formulated opioid analgesics to deter their misuse or abuse.

Along with this, tolerance to and physiologic dependency on opioid analgesics, as well as certain opioid side effects, may. Explanatory mechanisms of action behind the benefits of opioid antagonists in pain management are still under investigation. With opioid-agonist therapy, the body becomes better attuned to the beneficial effects of both external opioids, such as morphine, and naturally occurring internal opioids, such as endorphins.

Clinical research to date on low- or ultralow dose applications of opioid antagonists for pain management in humans has been limited. Still, the available evidence described in this report suggests a number of possibilities that may be of interest to healthcare providers and their patients with pain, including: Brief detoxification using naloxone for difficult cases of opioid-unresponsive intractable pain, opioid tolerance, or suspected opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Ultralow-dose naloxone combined with various opioid agonists for managing postoperative pain.

Ultralow-dose naltrexone oral or naloxone intrathecal as a component of intrathecal opioid analgesia for difficult cases of intractable pain. Ultralow-dose oral naltrexone combined with opioid agonists to provide an opioid-sparing effect, offering equivalent pain relief at lower opioid doses. Oral ultra-low dose naloxone or naltrexone combined with oral opioid analgesics to help prevent or reverse opioid-induced constipation and to potentially reduce other opioid side effects. Ultralow-dose naltrexone to help facilitate more comfortable opioid-agonist tapering.

Therefore, it is not surprising that they have exhibited favorable safety profiles when applied at low- and ultralow-dose levels, with few notices of adverse events or side effects at these doses when used individually as monotherapy or in combination with opioid analgesics. The contents of this report are for educational purposes and are not intended to endorse or promote the off-label prescribing of any drugs.

Practitioners are advised to study the available evidence and use professional discretion in their prescribing decisions. Pain Treatment Topics and the associated Pain-Topics. The project is independently produced and currently supported by educational grants from Purdue Pharma L. Louis, MO, leading manufacturers of opioid analgesic products.

The sponsors had no participatory role in the initiation or development of this report on opioid antagonists in pain management. Who is being killed, who is doing the killing and why are people being killed? This is apparently considered a small matter to US leaders in the discussions about failed states, narco-states and the false claim that violence is spilling across the border. Just what is this work? No one seems to know, but on the ground it is death. We are told of a War on Drugs that has no observable effect on drug distribution, price or sales in the United States.

We are told repeatedly that it is a war between cartels or that it is a war by the Mexican government against cartels, yet no evidence is presented to back up these claims. The evidence we do have is that the killings are not investigated, that the military suffers almost no casualties and that thousands of Mexicans have filed affidavits claiming abuse, often lethal, by the Mexican army. Here is the US policy in a nutshell: This war gets personal. It never occurs to him to call the police, nor does it occur to you. A friend who is a Mexican reporter flees to the United States because the Mexican Army has come to his house and plans to kill him for writing a news story that displeases the generals.

He is promptly thrown into prison by the Department of Homeland Security because he is considered a menace to American society. The little boy watched his mother die, her head blown apart by the bullets. A cousin waits in a parking lot surrounded by chainlink and razor-wire on the US side of the bridge for the bodies to be delivered so that he can bring them home.

The next day, the family takes to the parking lots of two fast-food outlets in their hometown of Las Cruces, New Mexico, for a carwash. Young girls in pink shorts and T-shirts wave hand-lettered signs. They will wash your car and accept donations to help bury their parents and sister, to buy clothes for two small orphans. She says they are in shock, the full impact of what happened has yet to sink in. So for now, they will raise the money they need to take care of the children.

Or, you visit the room where nine people were shot to death in August as they raised their arms to praise God during a prayer meeting. Forty hours later, flies buzz over what lingers in cracks in the tile floor and bloody handprints mark the wall. An evangelical preacher who survived the slaughter that night said she saw a truckload of soldiers parked at the end of the street a hundred yards from the building and that the automatic rifle fire went on for fifteen minutes. The claim that ninety percent of the dead are criminals seems at best to be self-delusion.

In June , El Universal , a major daily in Mexico City, noted that the federal government had investigated only 5 percent of the first 22, executions, according to confidential material turned over to the Mexican Senate by the Mexican Attorney General. What constituted an investigation was not explained. Besides incidents of rape, murder, torture, kidnapping and robbery, the report described scenes like the following: Members of the Army were camped at the edge of the highway, drinking alcoholic beverages.

Two of them were inebriated and probably under the influence of some drug. They opened fire against a truck that drove along the road carrying eight members of the Esparza Galaviz family. One adult and two minors died…The soldiers arranged sacks of decomposing marijuana on the vehicle that had been attacked and killed one of their own soldiers, whose body was arranged at the crime scene to indicate that the civilian drivers had been the aggressors and had killed the soldier.

The CNDH also names the army as responsible for the shooting deaths of Martin and Brayan Almanza Salazar, aged 9 and 5, on April 3, , as they traveled to the beach in Matamoros with their family. The only thing noteworthy about these cases is that they ever became public knowledge. Many more victims and survivors remain silent—afraid to report what has happened to them to any Mexican official or news reporter. Such incidents pass unnoticed in the US press and apparently do not capture the attention of our government. Nor does the fact that in the midst of what is repeatedly called a war against drug cartels by both the American and Mexican governments and press, Mexican soldiers seem immune to bullets.

With over 8, Mexicans killed in alone, the army reported losses of thirty-five that year.

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According to Reporters Without Borders, a total of sixty-seven journalists have been killed in Mexico since , while eleven others have gone missing since Mexico is now one of the most dangerous places in the world to be reporter. And possibly the safest place in the world to be a soldier. When there is a noteworthy massacre, the Mexican government says it proves the drug industry is crumbling. When there is a period of relative peace, the Mexican government says it shows their policy is winning.

This, despite numerous incidents of grenades and other explosives being used in recent attacks in the states of Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Guerrero, Sonora and many other places in Mexico. No one asks or answers this question: How does such an escalation benefit the drug smuggling business which has not been diminished at all during the past three years of hyper-violence in Mexico? Each year, the death toll rises, each year there is no evidence of any disruption in the delivery of drugs to American consumers, each year the United States asserts its renewed support for this war.

And each year, the basic claims about the war go unquestioned. Let us make this simple: There has been no investigation of the dead and so no one really knows whether they were criminals or why they died. There have been no interviews with heads of drug organizations and so no one really knows what they are thinking or what they are trying to accomplish.

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It is difficult to have a useful discussion without facts, but it seems to be very easy to make policy without facts. We can look forward to fewer facts and more unquestioned and unsubstantiated government claims. When patients with HIV infection also are addicted to opioids, treating both disorders simultaneously may help improve outcomes and reduce the spread of HIV or other infections transmitted through needle sharing or risky sexual behaviors associated with injection drug use.

But accessing such integrated care has sometimes been a challenge for such patients, who generally had to seek care for opioid abuse at addiction treatment centers and primary HIV care elsewhere. This could be logistically difficult and often led to delays in receiving care. Now, however, buprenorphine prescribing by HIV clinicians is offering patients the option of receiving treatment for both opioid addiction and HIV infection, an approach that a growing body evidence indicates benefits individual patients and public health.

Since , buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, has been available in the United States as an office-based treatment for opioid dependence. Methadone, a full opioid agonist, remains available through highly regulated, specialized treatment programs. And rural areas may have no specialty addiction programs at all within a reasonable distance. Studies have suggested that patients with HIV infection and untreated opioid addiction often receive HIV treatment later in the course of their illness, may be less adherent to their antiretroviral therapy regimen, and may engage in behaviors such as unprotected sex or injection drug use that put themselves and others at risk of new infections.

But treating patients for both HIV and drug use can improve such outcomes. Although much of this research has focused on the effects of methadone, emerging evidence suggests that buprenorphine has similar benefits and may have a few advantages over methadone treatment for patients with HIV. A recent randomized trial found that office-based care can improve addiction-related outcomes for patients with HIV and opioid addiction and may lead to faster treatment for addiction Lucas GM et al.

Lucas, MD, PhD, of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, and colleagues randomized 93 patients at a Baltimore HIV clinic to receive buprenorphine therapy at the clinic or to receive a referral to specialty addiction treatment elsewhere. Patients receiving buprenorphine in the clinic also had significantly fewer urine test results that were positive for opioids or cocaine and visited their HIV primary care clinicians more frequently.

However, the researchers did not find differences in HIV-treatment participation or HIV treatment effects between the clinic-based vs referral groups. The authors concluded that the improvements in addiction treatment may have been driven by streamlined access to care because patients referred to outside specialty addiction care may have experienced a delay in treatment initiation.

The small sample size may have precluded identifying clinically significant differences in HIV treatment outcomes, they also noted. An analysis of pooled data from 10 sites participating in the HRSA program is under way. So far, he and his colleagues have demonstrated in a pilot study that an approach that uses a nurse or other staff member to help coordinate buprenorphine care by overseeing such tasks as urine testing, drug counseling, and medication monitoring can help to reduce drug use among HIV patients, has good retention rates, improves patient function, and promotes patient satisfaction Sullivan LE et al.

But results of a French study suggest that integrated treatment of HIV and opioid addiction could allay such concerns. The study found that retention in opioid substitution therapy, either buprenorphine or methadone, is associated with improved virologic outcomes in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy and who had opioid use disorders Roux P et al. The study included 53 patients receiving buprenorphine, 28 receiving methadone, and 32 who were not receiving opioid substitution therapy.

The median duration of opioid substitution treatment was 25 months. Buprenorphine also appears to have fewer interactions with antiretroviral drugs than methadone. McCance-Katz, MD, PhD, professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco, and her colleagues published an article reviewing drug interactions involving methadone and buprenorphine and other medications, including antiretroviral therapies McCance-Katz EF et al.

Two HIV medications in particular, efavirenz and nevirapine, have been documented to trigger opiate withdrawal in patients taking methadone but not in patients taking buprenorphine, despite observations of reduced levels of both methadone and buprenorphine when these antiretrovirals were given to patients receiving these opioid therapies, noted McCance-Katz in an interview. A possible reason for the observed differences may be that methadone is metabolized to an inactive substance while buprenorphine is metabolized to norbuprenorphine, which also has opioid effects and may protect patients from experiencing opiate withdrawal, McCance-Katz said.

Elevated concentrations of buprenorphine have been documented in patients with opioid dependence and HIV taking atazanavir; such elevated levels were associated with cognitive impairment in a few HIV patients in one case study, while another study in non—HIV-infected patients found only increased drowsiness Bruce RD and Altice FL. Such elevations of methadone concentrations have not been documented with atazanavir.

Integrating buprenorphine treatment into the HIV care setting has another potential advantage: For example, if a patient receives methadone at one clinic and antiretroviral therapy at another, there may be limited communication between clinicians at the 2 sites and adverse events may not be identified.

But access to buprenorphine therapy in the HIV primary care setting in the United States may be limited. Reuter noted that psychiatrists and physicians specializing in addiction treatment were early adopters of office-based buprenorphine prescribing. A survey of about HIV clinicians Fiellin noted that other BHIVES efforts have found that clinicians may feel they do not have adequate training and resources to provide addiction treatment but are interested in receiving additional training. The clinics that have implemented primary care buprenorphine care as part of BHIVES have received technical support during implementation, and over time their satisfaction with and sophistication at providing buprenorphine care have improved, he noted.

PCSS helps match new buprenorphine prescribers to more experienced mentors who work in similar settings, including HIV primary care. The program also has drafted a guidance document for buprenorphine prescribing to patients with HIV http: Reuter explained that the agency would like these centers to offer both buprenorphine and methadone, although the latter would require a center to be licensed as an opioid treatment clinic. For example, the average duration of methadone treatment is 6. Chaudhry emphasized that primary care buprenorphine treatment is not necessarily a replacement for specialty addiction treatment with methadone or buprenorphine.

For example, she noted that some patients may prefer to keep their addiction treatment separate from their HIV care. Sullivan, MD, and colleagues from the Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Conn, compared drug-related and sex-related risk behaviors in buprenorphine-treated individuals at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks Sullivan LE et al. J Subst Abuse Treat. Such benefits may be particularly important in regions of the world where HIV transmission is driven primarily by injection drug use. The HIV Prevention Trials Network, an international clinical trials network funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, currently has a phase 3 randomized trial under way in China and Thailand to assess whether buprenorphine in combination with naloxone to reduce the abuse potential decreases drug use and HIV-related risk behaviors http: The trial, which is enrolling about HIV-uninfected injection drug users, will randomize individuals to receive either buprenorphine plus naloxone for 1 year or detoxification with buprenorphine plus naloxone for up to 18 days with a second detoxification if necessary.

Both groups will also receive counseling for HIV risk reduction. The study will assess cumulative HIV incidence and death and frequency of drug use and drug-related and HIV-related risk behaviors in the 2 groups. Uncategorized — Hinterlasse einen Kommentar Addictive drugs can profoundly affect social behaviour both acutely and in the long-term. Effects range from the artificial sociability imbued by various intoxicating agents to the depressed and socially withdrawn state frequently observed in chronic drug users. Understanding such effects is of great potential significance in addiction neurobiology.

Oxytocin regulates social affiliation and social recognition in many species and modulates anxiety, mood and aggression. Recent evidence suggests that popular party drugs such as MDMA and gamma-hydroxybutyrate GHB may preferentially activate brain oxytocin systems to produce their characteristic prosocial and prosexual effects. Oxytocin interacts with the mesolimbic dopamine system to facilitate sexual and social behaviour, and this oxytocin-dopamine interaction may also influence the acquisition and expression of drug-seeking behaviour.

An increasing body of evidence from animal models suggests that even brief exposure to drugs such as MDMA, cannabinoids, methamphetamine and phencyclidine can cause long lasting deficits in social behaviour. We discuss preliminary evidence that these adverse effects may reflect long-term neuroadaptations in brain oxytocin systems.

Laboratory studies and preliminary clinical studies also indicate that raising brain oxytocin levels may ameliorate acute drug withdrawal symptoms. It is concluded that oxytocin may play an important, yet largely unexplored, role in drug addiction. Greater understanding of this role may ultimately lead to novel therapeutics for addiction that can improve mood and facilitate the recovery of persons with drug use disorders.

British Journal of Pharmacology , —; doi: Kennedys und der In dieser Schilderung sind die Namen einzelner Personen, ihrer Institutionen und ihrer Beziehungen relativ unbedeutend. September beigetragen haben mag. Read more about the condition. Consumers can use the platform to settle their disputes. We are generally willing to work towards an amicable settlement out of court. Terms and conditions of the sale. Take a look at our Returning an item help page for more details.

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  • Note cancer healing with bitter apricot kernels (vitamin B17 extract, Laetril, amygdalin).
  • Traing the Ultimate Bird Dog.
  • The Espionage Game;
  • Empörung gegen Parlamentsbeschluß;
  • Un écrivain aveugle (MT.ROMAN) (French Edition).

Back to home page Return to top. Add to Watch list Email to friends Share on Facebook - opens in a new window or tab Share on Twitter - opens in a new window or tab Share on Pinterest - opens in a new window or tab. Back to home page. The dosage of vitamin B17 for cancer prevention Renowned Laetrile researchers recommend the following dosages: Krebs recommends 50mg Laetrile for normal, healthy, adult people [web09] -- most researchers give as a prevention bitter apricot kernels per day [web09] -- People who have made this prevention with bitter apricot kernels have never been officially reported as having cancer [Web09] -- For decades, millions of people around the world have been using bitter apricot kernels to prevent cancer [web09].

Also other kernels contain tiny traces of cyanide and are used to prevent cancer because the cyanide kills cancer cells, e. Pipfruits with vitamin B17 in the kernels: Quell en [web01] Thomas Chrobok: James Cason von der University of California in Berkeley hat das in der Studie verwendete Laeterile getestet und festgestellt, dass es kein Laetril Amygdalin war! Bittere Aprikosenkerne und nur die bitteren! Dosierungen von Vitamin B Er empfiehlt, die Kerne mit Aprikose gut zu kauen und einzuspeicheln. Mir sind nachweislich die Kopfhaare an Stellen stark nachgewachsen, an denen sich bereits ein Glatze gebildet hatte!

Mein Friseur hat sich sehr gewundert - mein Hausarzt auch. Mit geht es besser als jemals zuvor!!!! So ein Schwachsinn was ihr da schreibt!!! Giftcocktails aus Antibiotika kennen habe ich diesmal von einem Besuch des Arztes abgesehen. Damit hatte ich einen Zufallstreffer gelandet! Nach den Mahlzeiten entstand so gut wie kein Gas mehr! Der Toilettengang hat sich zu einem angenehmen Erlebnis der Erleichterung entwickelt konsistens sorry normal, wie ich es seit vielen Jahren nicht mehr gekannt habe.

Gesund nach 10 Tagen. Die Antihormonbehandlung brachte nur zeitlichen Aufschub, den ich nutzte, mich fit zu machen: Die Dinger haben meinen Arsch gerettet! Mir tun nur alle Leidensgenossen leid, die davon nichts wissen oder sich nicht trauen. Ich kann es wirklich kaum fassen.

Es half mir, den Krebs zu besiegen. Genauso wie das Cyanid im ungiftigen Vitamin B Es befindet sich deshalb eben nicht in einer lockeren Ionenbindung wie das etwa beim Zyankali der Fall ist. Also 9 Cent am Tag. Da muss man schon etwas mehr tun. Erfolge werden einfach ignoriert und weg diskutiert. Misserfolge der Schulmedizin werden unter den Teppich gekehrt. FU" [webtext02] [web33] http: Komisch, dass die Menschen im Gebirge, in dem es kaum "processed food" gibt, zw.

Der damalige Studienleiter Dr.

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Ich selbst esse 20 - 60 Kerne am Tag, ohne Probleme. Desweiteren hat sie ihr essen auf basisch und biologisch umgestellt und geht in die Biomed Klinik nach Bad Bergzabern. Das letzte MRT zeigt das sie auf dem richtigen Weg ist.


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    4. Ich darf hier an dieser Stelle keine Empfehlung aussprechen, aber dies muss jeder selbst wissen. Wo sind denn die angeblich vergifteten Toten. Seitdem sind bei mir keinerlei Metastasen aufgetreten, meine Vitalwerte sind hervorragend. Ja ich hatte Kehlkopfkrebs und seit 7 Jahren operiert. Ebbecke kann ja eine Blutprobe von mir anfordern und forschen, ob da abgestorbene Zellen darin schwimmen.

    Gerson lesen, Das Wunder des Dr. Gerson und ist besser als Chemogift und Radioteraphie" [web] [web39] http: Das kann jede Person selber nachvollziehen in dem sie auf den Lebenlauf des Dr Freunds klickt. Strahlentherapie, die mir anfangs angeraten wurde, brauche ich nicht.

    Von Vergiftung keine Spur! Ja, Ich nehme bis u 40 Kerne jeden Tag und das seit einem Jahr! Ich lebe nachweislich noch, und meine Blutwerte sind bestens. Ich hab auch nicht langsam angefangen. Keine vergiftungserscheinungen oder sonst was. Ich habe dort angerufen. Meine Mutter wurde damit geheilt. Davon wurde teilweise abgeraten bzw. Auch hiermit lohnt es sich, aus mehreren Perspektiven draufzusehen.

    Deshalb nehme ich diese Kerne! Reinhard Klein Mir geht es jedenfalls bis heute sehr gut und bei allen Blutuntersuchungen wurden keine nachteiligen Befunde entdeckt, es war "alles in Ordnung"! Ich ass auch mal 60 Kerne in kurzer zeit, um zu sehen ob es giftig ist. Es ist nicht giftig. Die gibt es aber nicht. Aber komischer weise ist es nicht so und Krebs gibt es dort nicht! Unser wunderbarer Hausarzt machte mit ihr eine B17 Kur.

    Seit zwei Untersuchungen beim Lungenfacharzt kann er sagen: Um nur ein paar zu nennen. Und gibt es vielleicht auch trotzdem Leute, denen es geholfen hat? Es gibt auch Kliniken die damit behandeln. Also kann das so schlimm nicht sein, mehr als 2 pro Tag zu essen. Ist er aber nicht. Schlechte Recherche und Nachgeplapper der Pharmaindustrie. Ich nehme seit ca. Hab ich aber nicht. Ich machte einen Termin mit ihm vom Februar zur Behandlung in seiner Praxis. Februar , Aprikosenkernen Februar , 1[] Aprikosenkernen Februar und je 1 Aprikosenkernen am Sehr geehrte Frau H.

    Die letzten Behandlungsbefunde lege ich meinem Brief bei. Die Blasenspiegelung bei einem Urologen, der in meine Behandlung nicht involviert war, ist teils sehr positiv verlaufen. Der Arzt war sehr aggressiv. Dass ich den Weg der Schulmedizin verlassen hatte, konnte er nicht akzeptieren.

    Es gab eine heftige Auseinandersetzung.