Editorial Reviews. About the Author. Terry Grosz was a conservation law enforcement officer for Genesis of a Duck Cop: Memories & Milestones by [ Grosz, Terry]. Kindle App Ad.
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- Genesis of a Duck Cop : Memories and Milestones by Terry Grosz (, Paperback) | eBay
- A look back at the men, women and machines that made America’s favorite treat possible
- Genesis of a Duck Cop: Memories and Milestones
The Ring King Jr. It was Krispy Kreme's 60th birthday. In my own sixth or maybe seventh year, I remember stopping in at the green, red and white Krispy Kreme place in Alexandria, Virginia. There was a wide glass window behind the counter, and you could look in there at all those shiny conveyor belts and racks filled with fresh glazed doughnuts, and half swoon at the warmth and sweet vanilla richness of it all.
At the Smithsonian dedication, the Ring King was saluted as a milestone in American doughnut history. Then a singer, Cindy Hutchins, stepped up to the mike and drawing on the museum's archive of popular sheet music more than a million songs in all sang, "Who made the doughnut with the hole in the middle? Just how it got there will be always a riddle.
Well, yes and no. It is true that the humble doughnut does have a convoluted past that involves Dutch immigrants, Russian exiles, French bakers, Irving Berlin, Clark Gable and a certain number of Native Americans. And, yes, in its democratic ethos, its optimism, and its assorted origins, it does seem rather quintessentially American.
Of course doughnuts in some form or other have been around so long that archaeologists keep turning up fossilized bits of what look like doughnuts in the middens of prehistoric Native American settlements. But the doughnut proper if that's the right word supposedly came to Manhattan then still New Amsterdam under the unappetizing Dutch name of olykoeks --"oily cakes. Fast-forward to the midth century and Elizabeth Gregory, a New England ship captain's mother who made a wicked deep-fried dough that cleverly used her son's spice cargo of nutmeg and cinnamon, along with lemon rind.
Some say she made it so son Hanson and his crew could store a pastry on long voyages, one that might help ward off scurvy and colds. In any case, Mrs. Gregory put hazelnuts or walnuts in the center, where the dough might not cook through, and in a literal-minded way called them doughnuts. Her son always claimed credit for something less than that: Some cynical doughnut historians maintain that Captain Gregory did it to stint on ingredients, others that he thought the hole might make the whole easier to digest.
Still others say that he gave the doughnut its shape when, needing to keep both hands on the wheel in a storm, he skewered one of his mom's doughnuts on a spoke of his ship's wheel. In an interview with the Boston Post at the turn of the century, Captain Gregory tried to quell such rumors with his recollection of the moment 50 years before: One likes to think that less was more.
But in fact doughnuts didn't come into their own until World War I, when millions of homesick American doughboys met millions of doughnuts in the trenches of France. They were served up by women volunteers who even brought them to the front lines to give soldiers a tasty touch of home. When the doughboys came back from the war they had a natu-ral yen for more doughnuts. The name "doughboy," though, didn't derive from doughnuts. It goes back to the relatively doughnutless Civil War, when the cavalry derided foot soldiers as doughboys, perhaps because their globular brass buttons resembled flour dumplings or because soldiers used flour to polish their white belts.
The first doughnut machine did not come along until , in New York City, when Adolph Levitt, an enterprising refugee from czarist Russia, began selling fried doughnuts from his bakery. Hungry theater crowds pushed him to make a gadget that churned out the tasty rings faster, and he did. Over time the skills of the printmakers improved, and helpers were brought in to the shop to assist the printers with certain tasks. Sales to the south began to pick up. In discussions around the development of a co-op in Cape Dorset began in earnest, after the printmaking shop began to take off.
The 'project approach' to co-operative development adopted by the Department of Natural Resources and Northern Development involved presenting project plans to the community after the area economic surveys had been completed, and allowing the community to "accept" or "reject" the idea [18].
- History of Cape Dorset and the West Baffin Co-operative.
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- History of Cape Dorset and the West Baffin Co-operative | The Co-operative Learning Centre?
Once approval was given by the community co-op members had to decide upon what aspects of co-operative business to pursue. They decided on a two-fold program. On the one hand, they wanted to encourage community members to participate directly in the economic development of their communities through co-operative ownership.
On the other, they sought to build skills development and system sustainability through educational programming for co-operative membership, management and executive. This would be accomplished in order to improve understanding of the corporate body of the Co-op, its relationship with organizations and corporations external to the community, and the roles and responsibilities of members, including their levels of general and technical knowledge. Don Snowden, and Alexander Sprudz were two officers at DNANR, whose extensive lobbying efforts within the federal government, helped in securing funding toward the creation of northern co-operatives in the s and 60s.
Their knowledge of co-operatives stemmed from knowledge ascertained from the strong co-operative movements in their homelands of Lithuania and the Netherlands. Financing for Inuit co-operatives was made available to those that needed it through the Eskimo Loan Fund. Residents of Cape Dorset were in a relatively good position with regards to financing the construction of the co-op, as the money saved from the sale of prints to the south was pooled and used to set up what was initially called the "West Baffin Sports Fishing Co-operative".
Don Snowden had predicted a flourishing northern tourism industry in the Arctic. The Co-op at Cape Dorset was first incorporated in as the West Baffin Sports Fishing Co-operative, with the hope that sports fishing and other outdoor sports adventures would soon take off. Led by Arthur Emory Houghton Jr. Don Snowden's prediction proved to be a little premature, however, and the tourist camp at Tellik Inlet only lasted two years, in part due to the inaccessibility of the site and the lack of transportation infrastructure.
As a result, in , an amendment to the name of the Cape Dorset cooperative association's name was made and the co-op was reincorporated as the West Baffin Eskimo Co-operative Limited. Kananginak writes of the benefits of co-op in Cape Dorset:. In addition to the expertise provided by James Houston, Terry Ryan, a young art student began at the West Baffin Co-op in , initially as a temporary arts advisor. He stayed for close to 30 years as the co-op's general manager. Writing in , Ryan had this to say about his earliest recollections of Cape Dorset:.
Arriving in such a manner, tediously slow by today's standards, gave me a far greater awareness of the land, its character and its vastness than most visitors in the s can achieve. Ryan has since helped three generations of Inuit artists develop and sell their art. For much of this time, he served as general manager. During the 25 th anniversary of the Cape Dorset Co-op, in , Ryan acknowledged the tremendous change the community had witnessed since his arrival in During Ryan's over 30 years as general manager of the West Baffin Co-operative, he worked vigorously to further the cause of Dorset printmaking and art, on a number of fronts.
He sourced stone for carvings, developed a network of dealers across North America, including the Dorset Fine Arts marketing and distribution centre in Toronto. In , Ryan had this to say of the success of the West Baffin Co-operative:. The West Baffin Co-operative Association has remained relatively independent of the co-operatives system in the north. Some attribute West-Baffin's relative strength and longevity, to persistent and effective management.
However, this is only one part of the story. Cape Dorset artists are well recognized around the world, and their art has inspired the imaginations of millions of people. The talent of the artists of Cape Dorset, and the long-standing support from the community for West Baffin Co-operative Association are two essential elements of the co-op's success.
Community support is an essential element to the success of any community-based business, co-ops aside. This support is represented graphically, in Graph 1 below, which plots employment and membership numbers at the West Baffin Co-operative during the mid s to the mid s. The late s and early s were a difficult time of great upheaval for the co-operative system in the north.
The recession of the late s meant that credit was in short supply, and the governments became much more fiscally conservative with their spending patterns. The system of co-ops in the north at the time was unable to seek assistance from banks, and had been reliant for financing upon the Eskimo Loan Fund operated by the Federal Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development,.
However, the Federal government slowly rescinded this type of economic development funding for NWT co-operatives and the West Baffin Co-operative did not escape this challenging period of time unscathed.
Genesis of a Duck Cop : Memories and Milestones by Terry Grosz (, Paperback) | eBay
As is evident in Graph 1, a membership drive was enacted in the early s as a method of income generation for the co-op. Several years of a depressed art market in the south had a significant impact upon the co-op's bottom line. The creation of the Arctic Co-operative Development Fund ACDF in , was a major milestone in the progression towards greater independence from government financing.
ACDF is a self-managed fund of pooled financial resources, owned and controlled by the co-operative businesses receiving funding [30]. In , West Baffin further itself became a project manager and helped develop several housing units. In the same year, it installed a computer point-of-sale system. Retail, POL, big ticket yamaha , arts and crafts, property rentals, other rentals, other contracts.
The arts and crafts sector of the West Baffin Co-operative remains a strong and vital segment of the local economy. In , after several years of jointly managing a marketing agency with a number of other Co-ops in the system, the West Baffin Co-operative ventured out on its own, and established its own marketing division, known as "Dorset Fine Arts", with offices in Toronto.
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Sales of graphics and sculpture are now accomplished through this southern office. Many communities in Nunavut are currently undergoing a process to re-establish Inuit names for their communities; Cape Dorset is no exception to this.
A look back at the men, women and machines that made America’s favorite treat possible
The co-op remains a core element of the community. As of , 13 of the 15 artists from Nunavut, which have been made members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Art, are from Cape Dorset: In , the West Baffin Co-operative celebrated its 50 th anniversary. It contained 36 prints [34]. In addition, the National Gallery of Canada opened a new exhibition, entitled "Uuturautiit: Cape Dorset Celebrates 50 Years of Printmaking".
From it's beginnings in the , the studio has been incredibly important to the production of Inuit art, and is now the longest-established fine-arts studio in Canada [35]. To ensure the development of artistic talent in the community, paper and supplies are available to any interested community members to begin experiencing with drawing and painting. Yet, former manager Jimmy Manning, has noted the significant challenge in encouraging younger artists to express themselves.
Yet, it seems hard to imagine that a community such as Cape Dorset, with its significant investment in the arts, would allow this 'light' to disappear. Perhaps, the youth of Nunavut, given the significant challenges they are facing, simply need the time, patience and support in order to find a relevant way in which to express their feelings and insight about life in Nunavut today. That art which is most relevant, exciting and groundbreaking depicts life as it is, not as others feel it should be.
Genesis of a Duck Cop: Memories and Milestones
Firstly, despite all the changes that Canadian Inuit have experienced in the past 70 years, their unique culture - and way of seeing the world - is very much still vibrant and alive. Cape Dorset printmaking and carving have shared fragments of Inuit culture with the rest of the world. Art purchased from this community is held in very high regard internationally.
Secondly, the Inuit of Cape Dorset have long supported their community co-operative. Many realized early on the benefits of such an economic organization, one which would simultaneously allow them to learn ways to generate income in a changing economic atmosphere, and, in concert with other community members, ensure that the organization met community needs in a democratic and transparent way. West Baffin is a wonderful example of how community economic development can, and should be, community owned and operated.
Before moving to Cape Dorset in the early s, Oschoochiak spent several years living in Peter Pitseolak's camp, Keakto. After his wife, Kanakpellik died, he was responsible for raising a rather large family. Learn how a boy who pitched hay, worked as a logger, played high school and college football, and discovered the beauty of the outdoors became the man who worked in state and federal wildlife enforcement for 32 years. And discover why, as people like him become more rare, we find that we need them more than ever.
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